Articles | Volume 13, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-649-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-649-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jun 2017
Research article |
| 09 Jun 2017
Southern Hemisphere anticyclonic circulation drives oceanic and climatic conditions in late Holocene southernmost Africa
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen,
Bremen, Germany
Enno Schefuß
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen,
Bremen, Germany
Sergio Andò
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of
Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
Hayley C. Cawthra
Geophysics Competency, Council for Geoscience, Cape Town, South
Africa
Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan
University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Peter Frenzel
Institute of Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena,
Jena,
Germany
Martin Kugel
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen,
Bremen, Germany
Stephanie Meschner
Institute of Earth Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena,
Jena,
Germany
Gesine Mollenhauer
Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
Matthias Zabel
MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen,
Bremen, Germany
Related authors
Julia Gensel, Marc Steven Humphries, Matthias Zabel, David Sebag, Annette Hahn, and Enno Schefuß
Biogeosciences, 19, 2881–2902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated organic matter (OM) and plant-wax-derived biomarkers in sediments and plants along the Mkhuze River to constrain OM's origin and transport pathways within South Africa's largest freshwater wetland. Presently, it efficiently captures OM, so neither transport from upstream areas nor export from the swamp occurs. Thus, we emphasize that such geomorphological features can alter OM provenance, questioning the assumption of watershed-integrated information in downstream sediments.
Annette Hahn, Enno Schefuß, Jeroen Groeneveld, Charlotte Miller, and Matthias Zabel
Clim. Past, 17, 345–360, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-345-2021, 2021
Vera Dorothee Meyer, Jürgen Pätzold, Gesine Mollenhauer, Isla S. Castañeda, Stefan Schouten, and Enno Schefuß
Clim. Past, 20, 523–546, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-523-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-523-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The climatic factors sustaining vegetation in the Sahara during the African humid period (AHP) are still not fully understood. Using biomarkers in a marine sediment core from the eastern Mediterranean, we infer variations in Mediterranean (winter) and monsoonal (summer) rainfall in the Nile river watershed around the AHP. We find that winter and summer rain enhanced during the AHP, suggesting that Mediterranean moisture supported the monsoon in sustaining the “green Sahara”.
Wee Wei Khoo, Juliane Müller, Oliver Esper, Wenshen Xiao, Christian Stepanek, Paul Gierz, Gerrit Lohmann, Walter Geibert, Jens Hefter, and Gesine Mollenhauer
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-246, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-246, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using a multiproxy approach, we analyzed biomarkers and diatom assemblages from a marine sediment core from the Powell Basin, Weddell Sea. The results reveal the first continuous coastal Antarctic sea ice record since the Last Penultimate Glacial. Our findings contribute valuable insights into past glacial-interglacial sea ice response to a changing climate and enhance our understanding of the ocean-sea ice-ice shelf interactions and dynamics.
Eduardo Queiroz Alves, Wanyee Wong, Jens Hefter, Hendrik Grotheer, Tommaso Tesi, Torben Gentz, Karin Zonneveld, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 20, 121–136, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our study reveals a previously unknown peat source for the massive influx of terrestrial organic matter that was exported from the European continent to the ocean during the last deglaciation. Our findings shed light on ancient terrestrial organic carbon mobilization, providing insights that are crucial for refining climate models.
Sudip Acharya, Maximilian Prochnow, Thomas Kasper, Linda Langhans, Peter Frenzel, Paul Strobel, Marcel Bliedtner, Gerhard Daut, Christopher Berndt, Sönke Szidat, Gary Salazar, Antje Schwalb, and Roland Zech
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 72, 219–234, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-219-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-219-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a palaeoenvironmental record from Lake Höglwörth, Bavaria, Germany. Before 870 CE peat deposits existed. Erosion increased from 1240 to 1380 CE, followed by aquatic productivity and anoxia from 1310 to 1470 CE. Increased allochthonous input and a substantial shift in the aquatic community in 1701 were caused by construction of a mill. Recent anoxia has been observed since the 1960s.
Maria-Elena Vorrath, Juliane Müller, Paola Cárdenas, Thomas Opel, Sebastian Mieruch, Oliver Esper, Lester Lembke-Jene, Johan Etourneau, Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand, Niko Lahajnar, Carina B. Lange, Amy Leventer, Dimitris Evangelinos, Carlota Escutia, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 19, 1061–1079, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1061-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1061-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Sea ice is important to stabilize the ice sheet in Antarctica. To understand how the global climate and sea ice were related in the past we looked at ancient molecules (IPSO25) from sea-ice algae and other species whose dead cells accumulated on the ocean floor over time. With chemical analyses we could reconstruct the history of sea ice and ocean temperatures of the past 14 000 years. We found out that sea ice became less as the ocean warmed, and more phytoplankton grew towards today's level.
Olga Ogneva, Gesine Mollenhauer, Bennet Juhls, Tina Sanders, Juri Palmtag, Matthias Fuchs, Hendrik Grotheer, Paul J. Mann, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 20, 1423–1441, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1423-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1423-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic warming accelerates permafrost thaw and release of terrestrial organic matter (OM) via rivers to the Arctic Ocean. We compared particulate organic carbon (POC), total suspended matter, and C isotopes (δ13C and Δ14C of POC) in the Lena delta and Lena River along a ~1600 km transect. We show that the Lena delta, as an interface between the Lena River and the Arctic Ocean, plays a crucial role in determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of OM discharged into the Arctic Ocean.
Mengli Cao, Jens Hefter, Ralf Tiedemann, Lester Lembke-Jene, Vera D. Meyer, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 19, 159–178, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-159-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-159-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We use sediment records of lignin to reconstruct deglacial vegetation change and permafrost mobilization, which occurred earlier in the Yukon than in the Amur river basin. Sea ice extent or surface temperatures of adjacent oceans might have had a strong influence on the timing of permafrost mobilization. In contrast to previous evidence, our records imply that during glacial peaks of permafrost decomposition, lipids and lignin might have been delivered to the ocean by identical processes.
Julia Gensel, Marc Steven Humphries, Matthias Zabel, David Sebag, Annette Hahn, and Enno Schefuß
Biogeosciences, 19, 2881–2902, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2881-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated organic matter (OM) and plant-wax-derived biomarkers in sediments and plants along the Mkhuze River to constrain OM's origin and transport pathways within South Africa's largest freshwater wetland. Presently, it efficiently captures OM, so neither transport from upstream areas nor export from the swamp occurs. Thus, we emphasize that such geomorphological features can alter OM provenance, questioning the assumption of watershed-integrated information in downstream sediments.
Stefan Mulitza, Torsten Bickert, Helen C. Bostock, Cristiano M. Chiessi, Barbara Donner, Aline Govin, Naomi Harada, Enqing Huang, Heather Johnstone, Henning Kuhnert, Michael Langner, Frank Lamy, Lester Lembke-Jene, Lorraine Lisiecki, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Lars Max, Mahyar Mohtadi, Gesine Mollenhauer, Juan Muglia, Dirk Nürnberg, André Paul, Carsten Rühlemann, Janne Repschläger, Rajeev Saraswat, Andreas Schmittner, Elisabeth L. Sikes, Robert F. Spielhagen, and Ralf Tiedemann
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 2553–2611, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2553-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-2553-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotope ratios of foraminiferal shells from deep-sea sediments preserve key information on the variability of ocean circulation and ice volume. We present the first global atlas of harmonized raw downcore oxygen and carbon isotope ratios of various planktonic and benthic foraminiferal species. The atlas is a foundation for the analyses of the history of Earth system components, for finding future coring sites, and for teaching marine stratigraphy and paleoceanography.
Charlotte Haugk, Loeka L. Jongejans, Kai Mangelsdorf, Matthias Fuchs, Olga Ogneva, Juri Palmtag, Gesine Mollenhauer, Paul J. Mann, P. Paul Overduin, Guido Grosse, Tina Sanders, Robyn E. Tuerena, Lutz Schirrmeister, Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Cornelia Karger, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 19, 2079–2094, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2079-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Buried animal and plant remains (carbon) from the last ice age were freeze-locked in permafrost. At an extremely fast eroding permafrost cliff in the Lena Delta (Siberia), we found this formerly frozen carbon well preserved. Our results show that ongoing degradation releases substantial amounts of this carbon, making it available for future carbon emissions. This mobilisation at the studied cliff and also similarly eroding sites bear the potential to affect rivers and oceans negatively.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Jens Hefter, Oscar E. Romero, Gerhard Fischer, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1587–1610, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 5-year record of long-chain mid-chain diol export flux and composition is presented with a 1- to 3-week resolution sediment trap CBeu (in the NW African upwelling). All environmental parameters as well as the diol composition are dominated by the seasonal cycle, albeit with different phase relations for temperature and upwelling. Most diol-based proxies are dominated by upwelling. The long-chain diol index reflects temperatures of the oligotrophic summer sea surface.
Edgart Flores, Sebastian I. Cantarero, Paula Ruiz-Fernández, Nadia Dildar, Matthias Zabel, Osvaldo Ulloa, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 19, 1395–1420, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1395-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the chemical diversity and abundance of microbial lipids as markers of organic matter sources in the deepest points of the Atacama Trench sediments and compare them to similar lipid stocks in shallower surface sediments and in the overlying water column. We evaluate possible organic matter provenance and some potential chemical adaptations of the in situ microbial community to the extreme conditions of high hydrostatic pressure in hadal realm.
Nele Lamping, Juliane Müller, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Christian Haas, Xiaoxu Shi, Maria-Elena Vorrath, Gerrit Lohmann, and Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand
Clim. Past, 17, 2305–2326, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2305-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2305-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed biomarker concentrations on surface sediment samples from the Antarctic continental margin. Highly branched isoprenoids and GDGTs are used for reconstructing recent sea-ice distribution patterns and ocean temperatures respectively. We compared our biomarker-based results with data obtained from satellite observations and estimated from a numerical model and find reasonable agreements. Further, we address caveats and provide recommendations for future investigations.
Paul Strobel, Marcel Bliedtner, Andrew S. Carr, Peter Frenzel, Björn Klaes, Gary Salazar, Julian Struck, Sönke Szidat, Roland Zech, and Torsten Haberzettl
Clim. Past, 17, 1567–1586, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1567-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1567-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a multi-proxy record from Lake Voёlvlei and provides new insights into the sea level and paleoclimate history of the past 8.5 ka at South Africa’s southern Cape coast. Our results show that sea level changes at the southern coast are in good agreement with the western coast of South Africa. In terms of climate our record provides valuable insights into changing sources of precipitation at the southern Cape coast, i.e. westerly- and easterly-derived precipitation contribution.
Filipe G. L. Lindau, Jefferson C. Simões, Barbara Delmonte, Patrick Ginot, Giovanni Baccolo, Chiara I. Paleari, Elena Di Stefano, Elena Korotkikh, Douglas S. Introne, Valter Maggi, Eduardo Garzanti, and Sergio Andò
The Cryosphere, 15, 1383–1397, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1383-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-1383-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Information about the past climate variability in tropical South America is stored in the snow layers of the tropical Andean glaciers. Here we show evidence that the presence of very large aeolian mineral dust particles at Nevado Illimani (Bolivia) is strictly controlled by the occurrence of summer storms in the Bolivian Altiplano. Therefore, based on the snow dust content and its composition of stable water isotopes, we propose a new proxy for information on previous summer storms.
Annette Hahn, Enno Schefuß, Jeroen Groeneveld, Charlotte Miller, and Matthias Zabel
Clim. Past, 17, 345–360, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-345-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-345-2021, 2021
Maria-Elena Vorrath, Juliane Müller, Lorena Rebolledo, Paola Cárdenas, Xiaoxu Shi, Oliver Esper, Thomas Opel, Walter Geibert, Práxedes Muñoz, Christian Haas, Gerhard Kuhn, Carina B. Lange, Gerrit Lohmann, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 16, 2459–2483, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2459-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2459-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We tested the applicability of the organic biomarker IPSO25 for sea ice reconstructions in the industrial era at the western Antarctic Peninsula. We successfully evaluated our data with satellite sea ice observations. The comparison with marine and ice core records revealed that sea ice interpretations must consider climatic and sea ice dynamics. Sea ice biomarker production is mainly influenced by the Southern Annular Mode, while the El Niño–Southern Oscillation seems to have a minor impact.
Sebastian Wetterich, Alexander Kizyakov, Michael Fritz, Juliane Wolter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Hanno Meyer, Matthias Fuchs, Aleksei Aksenov, Heidrun Matthes, Lutz Schirrmeister, and Thomas Opel
The Cryosphere, 14, 4525–4551, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4525-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4525-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In the present study, we analysed geochemical and sedimentological properties of relict permafrost and ground ice exposed at the Sobo-Sise Yedoma cliff in the eastern Lena delta in NE Siberia. We obtained insight into permafrost aggradation and degradation over the last approximately 52 000 years and the climatic and morphodynamic controls on regional-scale permafrost dynamics of the central Laptev Sea coastal region.
Bingbing Wei, Guodong Jia, Jens Hefter, Manyu Kang, Eunmi Park, Shizhu Wang, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 17, 4489–4508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4489-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4489-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This research reports the applicability of four organic temperature proxies (U37K', LDI, TEX86H, and RI-OH) to the northern South China Sea shelf. The comparison with local sea surface temperature (SST) indicates the impact of terrestrial input on LDI, TEX86H, and RI-OH proxies near the coast. After excluding samples influenced by terrestrial materials, proxy temperatures exhibit different seasonality, providing valuable tools to reconstruct regional SSTs under different monsoonal conditions.
Thomas Opel, Julian B. Murton, Sebastian Wetterich, Hanno Meyer, Kseniia Ashastina, Frank Günther, Hendrik Grotheer, Gesine Mollenhauer, Petr P. Danilov, Vasily Boeskorov, Grigoriy N. Savvinov, and Lutz Schirrmeister
Clim. Past, 15, 1443–1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1443-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1443-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To reconstruct past winter climate, we studied ice wedges at two sites in the Yana Highlands, interior Yakutia (Russia), the most continental region of the Northern Hemisphere. Our ice wedges of the upper ice complex unit of the Batagay megaslump and a river terrace show much more depleted stable-isotope compositions than other study sites in coastal and central Yakutia, reflecting lower winter temperatures and a higher continentality of the study region during Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 1.
Maria-Elena Vorrath, Juliane Müller, Oliver Esper, Gesine Mollenhauer, Christian Haas, Enno Schefuß, and Kirsten Fahl
Biogeosciences, 16, 2961–2981, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2961-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2961-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The study highlights new approaches in the investigation of past sea ice in Antarctica to reconstruct the climate conditions in earth's history and reveal its future development under global warming. We examined the distribution of organic remains from different algae at the Western Antarctic Peninsula and compared it to fossil and satellite records. We evaluated IPSO25 – the sea ice proxy for the Southern Ocean with 25 carbon atoms – as a useful tool for sea ice reconstructions in this region.
Charlotte Miller, Jemma Finch, Trevor Hill, Francien Peterse, Marc Humphries, Matthias Zabel, and Enno Schefuß
Clim. Past, 15, 1153–1170, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1153-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1153-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Here we reconstruct vegetation and precipitation, in eastern South Africa, over the last 32 000 years, by measuring the stable carbon and hydrogen isotope composition of plant waxes from Mfabeni peat bog (KwaZulu-Natal). Our results indicate that the late Quaternary climate in eastern South Africa did not respond directly to orbital forcing or to changes in sea-surface temperatures. Our findings stress the influence of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in driving climate change in the region.
Eunmi Park, Jens Hefter, Gerhard Fischer, Morten Hvitfeldt Iversen, Simon Ramondenc, Eva-Maria Nöthig, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 16, 2247–2268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2247-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2247-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed GDGT-based proxy temperatures in the polar oceans. In the eastern Fram Strait (79° N), the nutrient distribution may determine the depth habit of Thaumarchaeota and thus the proxy temperature. In the Antarctic Polar Front (50° S), the contribution of Euryarchaeota or the nonlinear correlation between the proxy values and temperatures may cause the warm biases of the proxy temperatures relative to SSTs.
Julie Lattaud, Frédérique Kirkels, Francien Peterse, Chantal V. Freymond, Timothy I. Eglinton, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Sergio Balzano, Laura Villanueva, Marcel T. J. van der Meer, Ellen C. Hopmans, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 15, 4147–4161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4147-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Long-chain diols (LCDs) are biomarkers that occur widespread in marine environments and also in lakes and rivers. In this study, we looked at the distribution of LCDs in three river systems (Godavari, Danube, and Rhine) in relation to season, precipitation, and temperature. We found out that the LCDs are likely being produced in calm areas of the river systems and that marine LCDs have a different distribution than riverine LCDs.
Rony R. Kuechler, Lydie M. Dupont, and Enno Schefuß
Clim. Past, 14, 73–84, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-73-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-73-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring deuterium and stable carbon isotopes of higher plant wax extracted from marine sediments offshore of Mauritania, we recovered a record of hydrology and vegetation change in West Africa for two Pliocene intervals: 5.0–4.6 and 3.6–3.0 Ma. We find that changes in local summer insolation cannot fully explain the variations in the West African monsoon and that latitudinal insolation and temperature gradients are important drivers of tropical monsoon systems.
Shuwen Sun, Enno Schefuß, Stefan Mulitza, Cristiano M. Chiessi, André O. Sawakuchi, Matthias Zabel, Paul A. Baker, Jens Hefter, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 14, 2495–2512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2495-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2495-2017, 2017
Vera D. Meyer, Jens Hefter, Gerrit Lohmann, Lars Max, Ralf Tiedemann, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Clim. Past, 13, 359–377, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-359-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-359-2017, 2017
Peter Frenzel, Judith Ewald, and Anna Pint
J. Micropalaeontol., 36, 57–62, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2016-009, https://doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2016-009, 2017
Gerhard Fischer, Johannes Karstensen, Oscar Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Morten Iversen, Björn Fiedler, Ivanice Monteiro, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 3203–3223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Particle fluxes at the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory in the eastern tropical North Atlantic for the period December 2009 until May 2011 are discussed based on deep sediment trap time-series data collected at 1290 and 3439 m water depths. The typically open-ocean flux pattern with weak seasonality is modified by the appearance of a highly productive and low oxygen eddy in winter 2010. The eddy passage was accompanied by high biogenic and lithogenic fluxes, lasting from December 2009 to May 2010.
O. T. Moldovan, S. Constantin, C. Panaiotu, R. D. Roban, P. Frenzel, and L. Miko
Biogeosciences, 13, 483–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-483-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-483-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the results of a fossil invertebrates study in four caves of the Romanian Carpathians, to complement paleoenvironmental data previously reported. Oribatid mites and ostracods are the most common invertebrates in the studied cave sediments. By corroborating the fossil invertebrates' record with the information given by magnetic properties and sediment structures, complementary data on past vegetation, temperatures, and hydraulic regimes could be gathered.
C. Häggi, C. M. Chiessi, and E. Schefuß
Biogeosciences, 12, 7239–7249, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7239-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7239-2015, 2015
C. M. Chiessi, S. Mulitza, G. Mollenhauer, J. B. Silva, J. Groeneveld, and M. Prange
Clim. Past, 11, 915–929, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-915-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-915-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Here we show that temperatures in the western South Atlantic increased markedly during the major slowdown event of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) of the last deglaciation. Over the adjacent continent, however, temperatures followed the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide, lagging changes in oceanic temperature. Our records corroborate the notion that the long duration of the major slowdown event of the AMOC was fundamental in driving the Earth out of the last glacial.
M. Winterfeld, T. Laepple, and G. Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 12, 3769–3788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3769-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3769-2015, 2015
M. Winterfeld, M. A. Goñi, J. Just, J. Hefter, and G. Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 12, 2261–2283, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2261-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-2261-2015, 2015
Related subject area
Subject: Ocean Dynamics | Archive: Marine Archives | Timescale: Holocene
Response of biological productivity to North Atlantic marine front migration during the Holocene
Sea surface temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean over the Late Glacial and Holocene
Surface and subsurface Labrador Shelf water mass conditions during the last 6000 years
Reconstruction of Holocene oceanographic conditions in eastern Baffin Bay
Multiproxy evidence of the Neoglacial expansion of Atlantic Water to eastern Svalbard
Is there evidence for a 4.2 ka BP event in the northern North Atlantic region?
Holocene hydrography evolution in the Alboran Sea: a multi-record and multi-proxy comparison
Influence of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre circulation on the 4.2 ka BP event
The 4.2 ka event, ENSO, and coral reef development
Indian winter and summer monsoon strength over the 4.2 ka BP event in foraminifer isotope records from the Indus River delta in the Arabian Sea
Neoglacial climate anomalies and the Harappan metamorphosis
Atlantic Water advection vs. glacier dynamics in northern Spitsbergen since early deglaciation
Holocene dynamics in the Bering Strait inflow to the Arctic and the Beaufort Gyre circulation based on sedimentary records from the Chukchi Sea
Post-glacial flooding of the Bering Land Bridge dated to 11 cal ka BP based on new geophysical and sediment records
Holocene evolution of the North Atlantic subsurface transport
Changes in Holocene meridional circulation and poleward Atlantic flow: the Bay of Biscay as a nodal point
Hydrological variations of the intermediate water masses of the western Mediterranean Sea during the past 20 ka inferred from neodymium isotopic composition in foraminifera and cold-water corals
Sea surface temperature variability in the central-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2700 years: a multi-proxy and multi-record approach
Carbon isotope (δ13C) excursions suggest times of major methane release during the last 14 kyr in Fram Strait, the deep-water gateway to the Arctic
Late Weichselian and Holocene palaeoceanography of Storfjordrenna, southern Svalbard
Implication of methodological uncertainties for mid-Holocene sea surface temperature reconstructions
The role of the northward-directed (sub)surface limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the 8.2 ka event
Reconstruction of Atlantic water variability during the Holocene in the western Barents Sea
Northward advection of Atlantic water in the eastern Nordic Seas over the last 3000 yr
Controls of Caribbean surface hydrology during the mid- to late Holocene: insights from monthly resolved coral records
Paleohydrology reconstruction and Holocene climate variability in the South Adriatic Sea
David J. Harning, Anne E. Jennings, Denizcan Köseoğlu, Simon T. Belt, Áslaug Geirsdóttir, and Julio Sepúlveda
Clim. Past, 17, 379–396, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-379-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-379-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Today, the waters north of Iceland are characterized by high productivity that supports a diverse food web. However, it is not known how this may change and impact Iceland's economy with future climate change. Therefore, we explored how the local productivity has changed in the past 8000 years through fossil and biogeochemical indicators preserved in Icelandic marine mud. We show that this productivity relies on the mixing of Atlantic and Arctic waters, which migrate north under warming.
Lisa Claire Orme, Xavier Crosta, Arto Miettinen, Dmitry V. Divine, Katrine Husum, Elisabeth Isaksson, Lukas Wacker, Rahul Mohan, Olivier Ther, and Minoru Ikehara
Clim. Past, 16, 1451–1467, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1451-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A record of past sea temperature in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean, spanning the last 14 200 years, has been developed by analysis of fossil diatoms in marine sediment. During the late deglaciation the reconstructed temperature changes were highly similar to those over Antarctica, most likely due to a reorganisation of global ocean and atmospheric circulation. During the last 11 600 years temperatures gradually cooled and became increasingly variable.
Annalena A. Lochte, Ralph Schneider, Markus Kienast, Janne Repschläger, Thomas Blanz, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, and Nils Andersen
Clim. Past, 16, 1127–1143, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1127-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1127-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Labrador Sea is important for the modern global thermohaline circulation system through the formation of Labrador Sea Water. However, the role of the southward flowing Labrador Current in Labrador Sea convection is still debated. In order to better assess its role in deep-water formation and climate variability, we present high-resolution mid- to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water temperatures, freshening, and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during the last 6000 years.
Katrine Elnegaard Hansen, Jacques Giraudeau, Lukas Wacker, Christof Pearce, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz
Clim. Past, 16, 1075–1095, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1075-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1075-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we present RainNet, a deep convolutional neural network for radar-based precipitation nowcasting, which was trained to predict continuous precipitation intensities at a lead time of 5 min. RainNet significantly outperformed the benchmark models at all lead times up to 60 min. Yet an undesirable property of RainNet predictions is the level of spatial smoothing. Obviously, RainNet learned an optimal level of smoothing to produce a nowcast at 5 min lead time.
Joanna Pawłowska, Magdalena Łącka, Małgorzata Kucharska, Jan Pawlowski, and Marek Zajączkowski
Clim. Past, 16, 487–501, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Paleoceanographic changes in Storfjorden during the Neoglacial (the last
4000 years) were reconstructed based on microfossil and ancient DNA records. Environmental changes were steered mainly by the interaction between the inflow of Atlantic Water (AW) and sea ice cover. Warming periods were associated with AW inflow and sea ice melting, stimulating primary production. The cold phases were characterized by densely packed sea ice, resulting in limited productivity.
Raymond S. Bradley and Jostein Bakke
Clim. Past, 15, 1665–1676, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1665-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1665-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We review paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic records from the northern North Atlantic to assess the nature of climatic conditions at 4.2 ka BP. There was a general decline in temperatures after ~ 5 ka BP, which led to the onset of neoglaciation. Although a few records do show a distinct anomaly around 4.2 ka BP (associated with a glacial advance), this is not widespread and we interpret it as a local manifestation of the overall climatic deterioration that characterized the late Holocene.
Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Leopoldo D. Pena, and Fabrizio Lirer
Clim. Past, 15, 927–942, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-927-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-927-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present a new high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction for the Holocene (last 11 700 years) in the westernmost Mediterranean Sea. We identify three sub-periods: the Early Holocene with warmest SST; the Middle Holocene with a cooling trend ending at 4200 years, which is identified as a double peak cooling event that marks the transition between the Middle and Late Holocene; and the Late Holocene with very different behaviour in both long- and short-term SST variability.
Bassem Jalali, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Julien Azuara, Violaine Pellichero, and Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout
Clim. Past, 15, 701–711, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-701-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-701-2019, 2019
Lauren T. Toth and Richard B. Aronson
Clim. Past, 15, 105–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-105-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-105-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We explore the hypothesis that a shift in global climate 4200 years ago (the 4.2 ka event) was related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We summarize records of coral reef development in the tropical eastern Pacific, where intensification of ENSO stalled reef growth for 2500 years starting around 4.2 ka. Because corals are highly sensitive to climatic changes, like ENSO, we suggest that records from coral reefs may provide important clues about the role of ENSO in the 4.2 ka event.
Alena Giesche, Michael Staubwasser, Cameron A. Petrie, and David A. Hodell
Clim. Past, 15, 73–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-73-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-73-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
A foraminifer oxygen isotope record from the northeastern Arabian Sea was used to reconstruct winter and summer monsoon strength from 5.4 to 3.0 ka. We found a 200-year period of strengthened winter monsoon (4.5–4.3 ka) that coincides with the earliest phase of the Mature Harappan period of the Indus Civilization, followed by weakened winter and summer monsoons by 4.1 ka. Aridity spanning both rainfall seasons at 4.1 ka may help to explain some of the observed archaeological shifts.
Liviu Giosan, William D. Orsi, Marco Coolen, Cornelia Wuchter, Ann G. Dunlea, Kaustubh Thirumalai, Samuel E. Munoz, Peter D. Clift, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Valier Galy, and Dorian Q. Fuller
Clim. Past, 14, 1669–1686, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1669-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1669-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Climate reorganization during the early neoglacial anomaly (ENA) may explain the Harappan civilization metamorphosis from an urban, expansive culture to a rural, geographically-confined one. Landcover change is a candidate for causing this climate instability. During ENA agriculture along the flood-deficient floodplains of the Indus became too risky, which pushed people out. In the same time the Himalayan piedmont received augmented winter rain and steady summer precipitation, pulling people in.
Martin Bartels, Jürgen Titschack, Kirsten Fahl, Rüdiger Stein, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, and Dierk Hebbeln
Clim. Past, 13, 1717–1749, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1717-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Multi-proxy analyses (i.a., benthic foraminiferal assemblages and sedimentary properties) of a marine record from Woodfjorden at the northern Svalbard margin (Norwegian Arctic) illustrate a significant contribution of relatively warm Atlantic water to the destabilization of tidewater glaciers, especially during the deglaciation and early Holocene (until ~ 7800 years ago), whereas its influence on glacier activity has been fading during the last 2 millennia, enabling glacier readvances.
Masanobu Yamamoto, Seung-Il Nam, Leonid Polyak, Daisuke Kobayashi, Kenta Suzuki, Tomohisa Irino, and Koji Shimada
Clim. Past, 13, 1111–1127, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1111-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1111-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Based on mineral records from the northern Chukchi Sea, we report a long-term decline in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) strength during the Holocene, consistent with a decrease in summer insolation. Multi-centennial variability in BG circulation is consistent with fluctuations in solar irradiance. The Bering Strait inflow shows intensification during the middle Holocene, associated with sea-ice retreat and an increase in marine production in the Chukchi Sea, which is attributed to a weaker Aleutian Low.
Martin Jakobsson, Christof Pearce, Thomas M. Cronin, Jan Backman, Leif G. Anderson, Natalia Barrientos, Göran Björk, Helen Coxall, Agatha de Boer, Larry A. Mayer, Carl-Magnus Mörth, Johan Nilsson, Jayne E. Rattray, Christian Stranne, Igor Semiletov, and Matt O'Regan
Clim. Past, 13, 991–1005, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-991-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic and Pacific oceans are connected by the presently ~53 m deep Bering Strait. During the last glacial period when the sea level was lower than today, the Bering Strait was exposed. Humans and animals could then migrate between Asia and North America across the formed land bridge. From analyses of sediment cores and geophysical mapping data from Herald Canyon north of the Bering Strait, we show that the land bridge was flooded about 11 000 years ago.
Janne Repschläger, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Mara Weinelt, and Ralph Schneider
Clim. Past, 13, 333–344, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-333-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-333-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We reconstruct changes in the warm water transport from the subtropical to the subpolar North Atlantic over the last 10 000 years. We use stable isotope and Mg / Ca ratios measured on surface and subsurface dwelling foraminifera. Results indicate an overall stable warm water transport at surface. The northward transport at subsurface evolves stepwise and stabilizes at 7 ka BP on the modern mode. These ocean transport changes seem to be controlled by the meltwater inflow into the North Atlantic.
Yannick Mary, Frédérique Eynaud, Christophe Colin, Linda Rossignol, Sandra Brocheray, Meryem Mojtahid, Jennifer Garcia, Marion Peral, Hélène Howa, Sébastien Zaragosi, and Michel Cremer
Clim. Past, 13, 201–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-201-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-201-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In the boreal Atlantic, the subpolar and subtropical gyres (SPG and STG respectively) are key elements of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) cell and contribute to climate modulations over Europe. Here we document the last 10 kyr evolution of sea-surface temperatures over the North Atlantic with a focus on new data obtained from an exceptional sedimentary archive retrieved the southern Bay of Biscay, enabling the study of Holocene archives at (infra)centennial scales.
Quentin Dubois-Dauphin, Paolo Montagna, Giuseppe Siani, Eric Douville, Claudia Wienberg, Dierk Hebbeln, Zhifei Liu, Nejib Kallel, Arnaud Dapoigny, Marie Revel, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Marco Taviani, and Christophe Colin
Clim. Past, 13, 17–37, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-17-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-17-2017, 2017
Mercè Cisneros, Isabel Cacho, Jaime Frigola, Miquel Canals, Pere Masqué, Belen Martrat, Marta Casado, Joan O. Grimalt, Leopoldo D. Pena, Giulia Margaritelli, and Fabrizio Lirer
Clim. Past, 12, 849–869, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-849-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We present a high-resolution multi-proxy study about the evolution of sea surface conditions along the last 2700 yr in the north-western Mediterranean Sea based on five sediment records from two different sites north of Minorca. The novelty of the results and the followed approach, constructing stack records from the studied proxies to preserve the most robust patterns, provides a special value to the study. This complex period appears to have significant regional changes in the climatic signal.
C. Consolaro, T. L. Rasmussen, G. Panieri, J. Mienert, S. Bünz, and K. Sztybor
Clim. Past, 11, 669–685, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-669-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-669-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A sediment core collected from a pockmark field on the Vestnesa Ridge (~80N) in the Fram Strait is presented. Our results show an undisturbed sedimentary record for the last 14 ka BP and negative carbon isotope excursions (CIEs) during the Bølling-Allerød interstadials and during the early Holocene. Both CIEs relate to periods of ocean warming, sea-level rise and increased concentrations of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere, suggesting an apparent correlation with warm climatic events.
M. Łącka, M. Zajączkowski, M. Forwick, and W. Szczuciński
Clim. Past, 11, 587–603, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-587-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-587-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Storfjordrenna was deglaciated about 13,950 cal yr BP. During the transition from the sub-glacial to glaciomarine setting, Arctic Waters dominated its hydrography. However, the waters were not uniformly cold and experienced several warmer spells. Atlantic Water began to flow onto the shelves off Svalbard and into Storfjorden during the early Holocene, leading to progressive warming and significant glacial melting. A surface-water cooling and freshening occurred in late Holocene.
I. Hessler, S. P. Harrison, M. Kucera, C. Waelbroeck, M.-T. Chen, C. Anderson, A. de Vernal, B. Fréchette, A. Cloke-Hayes, G. Leduc, and L. Londeix
Clim. Past, 10, 2237–2252, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2237-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-2237-2014, 2014
A. D. Tegzes, E. Jansen, and R. J. Telford
Clim. Past, 10, 1887–1904, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1887-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1887-2014, 2014
D. E. Groot, S. Aagaard-Sørensen, and K. Husum
Clim. Past, 10, 51–62, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-51-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-51-2014, 2014
C. V. Dylmer, J. Giraudeau, F. Eynaud, K. Husum, and A. De Vernal
Clim. Past, 9, 1505–1518, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1505-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1505-2013, 2013
C. Giry, T. Felis, M. Kölling, W. Wei, G. Lohmann, and S. Scheffers
Clim. Past, 9, 841–858, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-841-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-841-2013, 2013
G. Siani, M. Magny, M. Paterne, M. Debret, and M. Fontugne
Clim. Past, 9, 499–515, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-499-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-499-2013, 2013
Cited articles
Andò, S. and Garzanti, E.: Raman spectroscopy in heavy-mineral studies, in: Sediment Provenance Studies in Hydrocarbon Exploration and Production, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 386, 2013.
Andò, S., Garzanti, E., Padoan, M., and Limonta, M.: Corrosion of heavy minerals during weathering and diagenesis: a catalogue for optical analysis, Sediment. Geol., 280, 165–178, 2012.
Beckley, L. E.: Sea-surface temperature variability around Cape Recife, South Africa, South Afr. J. Sci., 79, 436–438, 1983.
Benito, G., Thorndycraft, V. R., Rico, M. T., Sanchez-Moya, Y., Sopena, A., Botero, B. A., Machado, M. J., Davis, M., and Perez-Gonzalez, A.: Hydrological response of a dry-land ephemeral river to southern African climatic variability during the last millennium, Quaternary Res., 75, 471–482, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.01.004, 2011.
Benson, R. H. and Maddocks, R. F.: Recent Ostracodes of Knysna Estuary, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions, Arthropoda, 5, 1–39, 1964.
Birch, G.: Nearshore Quaternary Sedimentation off the South Coast of South Africa, Joint Geological Survey, University of Cape Town, Technical Report 11, 127–146, 1978.
Blaauw, M. and Christen, J. A.: Flexible paleoclimate age-depth models using an autoregressive gamma process, Bayesian. Anal., 6, 457–474, https://doi.org/10.1214/ba/1339616472, 2011.
Boom, A., Carr, A. S., Chase, B. M., Grimes, H. L., and Meadows, M. E.: Leaf wax n-alkanes and δ13C values of CAM plants from arid southwest Africa, Org. Geochem., 67, 99–102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.12.005, 2014.
Bray, E. E. and Evans, E. D.: Distribution of n-paraffins as a clue to recognition of source beds, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 22, 2–15, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(61)90069-2, 1961.
Brook, G. A., Railsback, L. B., Scott, L., Voarintsoa, N. R. G., and Liang, F.: Late Holocene stalagmite and tufa climate records for Wonderwerk Cave: Relationships between archaeology and climate in southern Africa, African Archaeological Review, 32, 669–700, 2015.
Carr, A. S.: Late Quaternary palaeohydrology and palaeoecology of southern Africa revealed by lipid biomarker analysis of rock hyrax middens, Quat. Int., 279, 81, 2012.
Carr, A. S., Boom, A., Grimes, H. L., Chase, B. M., Meadows, M. E., and Harris, A.: Leaf wax n-alkane distributions in arid zone South African flora: Environmental controls, chemotaxonomy and palaeoecological implications, Org. Geochem., 67, 72–84, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP411.11, 2014.
Cawthra, H. C.: The marine geology of Mossel Bay, Ph.D. thesis, University of Cape Town, 283, 2014.
Cawthra, H. C., Compton, J. S., Fisher, E. C., Machutchon, M. R., and Marean, C. W.: Submerged shorelines and landscape features offshore of Mossel Bay, South Africa, in: Geology and Archaeology: Submerged Landscapes of the Continental Shelf, Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 411, London, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP411.11, 2015.
Chase, B. M. and Meadows, M. E.: Late Quaternary dynamics of southern Africa's winter rainfall zone, Earth-Sci. Rev., 84, 103–138, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.06.002, 2007.
Chase, B. M., Meadows, M. E., Scott, L., Thomas, D. S. G., Marais, E., Sealy, J., and Reimer, P. J.: A record of rapid Holocene climate change preserved in hyrax middens from southwestern Africa, Geology, 37, 703–706, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30053A.1, 2009.
Chase, B. M., Meadows, M. E., Carr, A. S., and Reimer, P. J.: Evidence for progressive Holocene aridification in southern Africa recorded in Namibian hyrax middens: Implications for African Monsoon dynamics and the African Humid Period, Quat. Res., 74, 36–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.04.006, 2010.
Chase, B. M., Quick, L. J., Meadows, M. E., Scott, L., Thomas, D. S. G., and Reimer, P. J.: Late glacial interhemispheric climate dynamics revealed in South African hyrax middens, Geology, 39, 19–22, https://doi.org/10.1130/G31129.1, 2011.
Chase, B. M., Boom, A., Carr, A. S., Meadows, M. E., and Reimer, P. J.: Holocene climate change in southernmost South Africa: rock hyrax middens record shifts in the southern westerlies, Quat. Sci. Rev., 82, 199–205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.10.018, 2013.
Chase, B. M., Lim, S., Chevalier, M., Boom, A., Carr, A. S., Meadows, M. E., and Reimer, P. J.: Influence of tropical easterlies in southern Africa's winter rainfall zone during the Holocene, Quat. Sci. Rev., 107, 138–148, 2015.
Chevalier, M. and Chase, B. M.: Southeast African records reveal a coherent shift from high- to low-latitude forcing mechanisms along the east African margin across last glacial–interglacial transition, Quat. Sci. Rev., 125, 117–130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.07.009, 2015.
Cohen, A. and Tyson, P. D.: Sea-surface temperature fluctuations during the Holocene off the south coast of Africa: implications for terrestrial climate and rainfall, The Holocene, 5, 304–312, 1995.
Collister, J. W., Rieley, G., Stern, B., Eglinton, G., and Fry, B.: Compound-specific δ 13C analyses of leaf lipids from plants with differing carbon dioxide metabolisms, Org. Geochem., 21, 619–627, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(94)90008-6, 1994.
Compton, J. S.: The mid-Holocene sea-level highstand at Bogenfels Pan on the southwest coast of Namibia, Quat. Res., 66, 303–310, 2006.
Cowling, R. M., Richardson, D. M., and Pierce, S. M.: Vegetation of southern Africa, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Damm, B. and Hagedorn, J.: Holocene floodplain formation in the southern Cape region, South Africa, Geomorphology, 122, 213–222, 2010.
Daniau, A.-L., Sánchez-Goñi, M. F., Martinez, P., Urrego, D. H., Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Desprat, S., and Marlon, J. R.: Orbital-scale climate forcing of grassland burning in southern Africa, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 110, 5069–5073, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214292110, 2013.
Desmet, P. G. and Cowling, R. M.: The climate of the Karoo–a functional approach, Karoo Ecol. Patterns Process, Camb. Univ. Press, Camb, 3–16, 1999.
Dewar, G., Reimer, P. J., Sealy, J., and Woodborne, S.: Late-Holocene marine radiocarbon reservoir correction (Delta R) for the west coast of South Africa, Holocene, 22, 1481–1489, 2012.
Dingle, R. V.: Quaternary ostracods from the continental margin off south-western Africa. Part I Dominant Taxa, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 102, 1–89, 1992.
Dingle, R. V.: Quaternary ostracods from the continental margin off south-western Africa. Part II. Minor Taxa, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 103, 1–165, 1993.
Dingle, R. V.: Quaternary ostracods from the continental margin off south-western Africa. Part III. Oceanographical and Sedimentary Environments, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 103, 383–441, 1994.
Dingle, R. V. and Honigstein, A.: Ostracoda from Quaternary coastal sequences in the south-western Cape, Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 104, 63–114, 1994.
Duncan, R. A., Hooper, P. R., Rehacek, J., Marsh, J. S., and Duncan, A. R.: The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 18127–18138, 1997.
Dupont, L. M., Caley, T., Kim, J.-H., Castañeda, I., Malaizé, B., and Giraudeau, J.: Glacial-interglacial vegetation dynamics in South Eastern Africa coupled to sea surface temperature variations in the Western Indian Ocean, Clim. Past, 7, 1209–1224, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1209-2011, 2011.
Ehleringer, J. R. and Cooper, T. A.: Correlations between carbon isotope ratio and microhabitat of desert plants, Oecologia, 76, 562–566, 1988.
Gagosian, R. B. and Peltzer, E. T.: The importance of atmospheric input of terrestrial organic material to deep-sea sediments, Org. Geochem., 10, 661–669, 1986.
Galehouse, J. S.: Point counting, in: Procedures in sedimentary petrology, Wiley, New York, 385–407, 1971.
Goldblatt, P. and Manning, J. C.: Plant diversity of the Cape region of southern Africa, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard., 89, 281–302, 2002.
Gonfiantini, R., Roche, M.-A., Olivry, J.-C., Fontes, J.-C., and Zuppi, G. M.: The altitude effect on the isotopic composition of tropical rains, Chemical Geology, 181, 147–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(01)00279-0, 2001.
Govin, A., Varma, V., and Prange, M.: Astronomically forced variations in western African rainfall (21° N–20° S) during the Last Interglacial period, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 2117–2125, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058999, 2014.
Hahn, A., Schefuß, E., Andó, S., Cawthra, H., Frenzel, P., Kugel, M., Meschner, S., Mollenhauer, G., and Zabel, M.: Supplementary material to: Linking catchment hydrology and ocean circulation in Late Holocene southernmost Africa, available at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.875943, 2017.
Hammer, O., David, A. T., and Ryan, P. D.: Past Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis, Palaeontol. Electronica, 4, 2001.
Herrmann, N., Boom, A., Carr, A. S., Chase, B. M., Granger, R., Hahn, A., Zabel, M., and Schefuß, E.: Sources, transport and deposition of terrestrial organic material: A case study from southwestern Africa, Quat. Sci. Rev., 149, 215–229, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.07.028, 2016.
Hogg, A. G., Hua, Q., Blackwell, P. G., Niu, M., Buck, C. E., Guilderson, T. P., Heaton, T. J., Palmer, J. G., Reimer, P. J., Reimer, R. W., Turney, C. S. M., and Zimmerman, S. R. H.: SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–50,000 Years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1–15 2013.
Holmgren, K., Karlén, W., Lauritzen, S. E., Lee-Thorp, J. A., Partridge, T. C., Piketh, S., and Tyson, P. D.: A 3000-year high-resolution stalagmite based record of palaeoclimate for northeastern South Africa, The Holocene, 9, 295–309, 1999.
Hopmans, E. C., Schouten, S., Pancost, R. D., van der Meer, M. T., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Analysis of intact tetraether lipids in archaeal cell material and sediments by high performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 14, 585–589, 2000.
Hopmans, E. C., Weijers, J. W., Schefuß, E., Herfort, L., Damsté, J. S. S., and Schouten, S.: A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 224, 107–116, 2004.
Hutchings, L., Pitcher, G. C., Probyn, T. A., and Bailey, G. W.: The chemical and biological consequences of coastal upwelling, Environmental Sciences Research Report Es, 18, 65–82, 1995.
Johnson, M. R., van Vuuren, C. J., Visser, J. N. J., Cole, D. I., De Wickens, V., Christie, A. D. M., Roberts, D. L., and Brandl, G.: Sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup, in: The Geology of South Africa, Geological Society of South Africa, 461–501, 2006.
Jury, M. R., Valentine, H. R., and Lutjeharms, J. R. E.: Influence of the Agulhas Current on Summer Rainfall along the Southeast Coast of South Africa, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32, 1282–1287, 1993.
Kim, J.-H., van der Meer, J., Schouten, S., Helmke, P., Willmott, V., and Sangiorgi, F.: New indices and calibrations derived from the distribution of crenarchaeal isoprenoid tetraether lipids: Implications for past sea surface temperature reconstructions, Geochim. Cosmochim.Acta, 74, 4639–4654, 2010.
Lechleitner, F. A., Breitenbach, S. F., Rehfeld, K., Ridley, H. E., Asmerom, Y., Prufer, K. M., Marwan, N., Goswami, B., Kennett, D. J., and Aquino, V. V.: Tropical rainfall over the last two millennia: evidence for a low-latitude hydrologic seesaw, Scientific Reports, 7, 45809, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45809, 2017.
Le Maitre, D., Colvin, C., and Maherry, A.: Water resources in the Klein Karoo: the challenge of sustainable development in a water-scarce area, South Afr. J. Sci., 105, 39–48, 2009.
Locarini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Garcia, H. E., Baranova, O. K., Zweng, M. M., Paver, C. R., Reagan, J. R., Johnson, D. R., Hamilton, M., and Seidov, D.: World Ocean Atlas 2013, Volume 1: Temperature, NOAA Atlas NESDIS, 73, 2013.
Lowry, F. M. D.: Foraminiferal thanatocoenoses from the continental shelf of Southern Africa, Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Geological Sciences, University College London, 1–443, 1987.
Lutjeharms, J. R. E. and van Ballegooyen, R. C.: The retroflection of the Agulhas Current, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 18, 1570–1583, 1988.
Lutjeharms, J. R. E., Monteiro, P. M. S., Tyson, P. D., and Obura, D.: The oceans around southern Africa and regional effects of global change, S. Afr. J. Sci., 97, 119–130, 2001.
Lyle, M., Lyle, A. O., Gorgas, T., Holbourn, A., Westerhold, T., Hathorne, E., Kimoto, K., and Yamamoto, S.: Data report: raw and normalized elemental data along the Site U1338 splice from X-ray fluorescence scanning 1, Proc. Integr. Ocean. Drill. Program, 320(320/321), 2012.
Martens, K., Davies, B. R., Baxter, A. J., and Meadows, M. E.: A contribution to the taxonomy and ecology of the Ostracoda (Crustacea) from Verlorenvlei (Western Cape, South Africa), S. Afr. J. Zool., 31, 23–36, 1996.
Marzin, C. and Braconnot, P.: Variations of Indian and African monsoons induced by insolation changes at 6 and 9.5 kyr BP, Clim. Dyn., 33, 215–231, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0538-3, 2009.
Meadows, M. E. and Osmal, A.: Chronology, sedimentology and geochemistry of sediments at Verlorenvlei (Western Cape Province, South Africa) as evidence of anthropogenicallyinduced land degradation, Z. Geomorph. Supp. Bd., 107, 45–62, 1996.
Milani, E. J. and De Wit, M. J.: Correlations between the classic Paraná and Cape–Karoo sequences of South America and southern Africa and their basin infills flanking the Gondwanides: du Toit revisited, Geol. Soc., London, Spec. Publ., 294, 319–342, 2008.
Mucina, L. and Rutherford, M. C.: The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland, South African National Biodiversity Institute, 2006
Nash, D. J., De Cort, G., Chase, B. M., Verschuren, D., Nicholson, S. E., Shanahan, T. M., Asrat, A., Lézine, A.-M., and Grab, S. W.: African hydroclimatic variability during the last 2000 years, Quat. Sci. Rev., 154, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.10.012, 2016.
Neumann, F. H., Scott, L., Bousman, C. B., and van As, L. A.: Holocene sequence of vegetation change at Lake Eteza, coastal KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 162, 39–53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.05.001, 2010.
Newton, A. R., Shone, R. W., and Booth, P. W. K.: The Cape Fold Belt, in: The Geology of South Africa, Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg/Council for Geoscience Pretoria, 521–531, 2006.
Niang, I., Ruppel, O. C., Abdrabo, M. A., Essel, A., Lennard, C., Padgham, J., and Urquhart, P.: Africa, in: Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects, Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1199–1265, 2014.
Norström, E., Scott, L., Partridge, T., Risberg, J., and Holmgren, K.: Reconstruction of environmental and climate changes at Braamhoek wetland, eastern escarpment South Africa, during the last 16,000 years with emphasis on the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 271, 240–258, 2009.
Norström, E., Neumann, F. H., Scott, L., Smittenberg, R. H., Holmstrand, H., Lundqvist, S., Snowball, I., Sundqvist, H. S., Risberg, J., and Bamford, M.: Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics and hydro-climate in the Drakensberg, South Africa, Quat. Sci. Rev., 105, 48–65, 2014.
Pate, J. S.: Carbon isotope discrimination and plant water-use efficiency: case scenarios for C3 plants, in: Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 19–37, 2001
Ramsay, P. J. and Cooper, J. A. G.: Late Quaternary Sea-Level Change in South Africa, Quatern. Res., 57, 82–90, 2002.
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk- Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., and Friedrich, M.: IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP, Radiocarbon, 55, 1869–1887, 2013.
Rommerskirchen, F., Plader, A., Eglinton, G., Chikaraishi, Y., and Rullkötter, J.: Chemotaxonomic significance of distribution and stable carbon isotopic composition of long-chain alkanes and alkan-1-ols in C4 grass waxes, Org. Geochem., 37, 1303–1332, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.12.013, 2006.
Rouault, M., Florenchie, P., Fauchereau, N., and Reason, C. J. C.: South East tropical Atlantic warm events and southern African rainfall, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 8009, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl014840, 2003.
Rozendaal, A., Gresse, P. G., Scheepers, R., and Le Roux, J. P.: Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian crustal evolution of the Pan-African Saldania Belt, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 97, 303–323, 1999.
Rundel, P. W., Esler, K. J., and Cowling, R. M.: Ecological and phylogenetic patterns of carbon isotope discrimination in the winter-rainfall flora of the Richtersveld, South Africa, Plant Ecol., 142, 133–148, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009878429455, 1999.
Schefuß, E., Kuhlmann, H., Mollenhauer, G., Prange, M., and Pätzold, J.: Forcing of wet phases in southeast Africa over the past 17,000 years, Nature, 480, 509–512, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10685, 2011.
Schmidt-Sinns, J.: Rezente benthische Foraminiferen im Bereich des Benguelastroms, Südwestafrika – Verbreitungsmuster und ihre steuernden Faktoren, Doctoral dissertation, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 1–261, 2008.
Schouten, S., Hopmans, E. C., Schefuß, E., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids: a new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 204, 265–274, 2002.
Schumann, E. H., Perrins, L. A., and Hunter, I. T.: Upwelling along the south coast of the Cape Province, South Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci., 78, 238–242, 1982.
Scott, L., Bousman, C. B., and Nyakale, M.: Holocene pollen from swamp, cave and hyrax dung deposits at Blydefontein (Kikvorsberge), Karoo, South Africa, Quaternary International, 129, 49–59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2004.04.006, 2005.
Scott, L., Neumann, F. H., Brook, G. A., Bousman, C. B., Norström, E., and Metwally, A. A.: Terrestrial fossil-pollen evidence of climate change during the last 26 thousand years in Southern Africa, Quat. Sci. Rev., 32, 100–118, 2012.
Sessions, A. L., Burgoyne, T. W., Schimmelmann, A., and Hayes, J. M.: Fractionation of hydrogen isotopes in lipid biosynthesis, Organic Geochemistry, 30, 1193–1200, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00094-7, 1999.
Simon, M. H., Ziegler, M., Bosmans, J., Barker, S., Reason, C. J. C., and Hall,I. R.: Eastern South African hydroclimate over the past 270,000 years, Scientific Reports, 5, 18153, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep18153, 2015.
Stager, J. C., Mayewski, P. A., White, J., Chase, B. M., Neumann, F. H., Meadows, M. E., King, C. D., and Dixon, D. A.: Precipitation variability in the winter rainfall zone of South Africa during the last 1400 yr linked to the austral westerlies, Clim. Past, 8, 877–887, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-877-2012, 2012.
Stager, J. C., Ryves, D. B., King, C., Madson, J., Hazzard, M., Neumann, F. H., and Maud, R.: Late Holocene precipitation variability in the summer rainfall region of South Africa, Quat. Sci. Rev., 67, 105–120, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.01.022, 2013.
Talma, A. and Vogel, J. C.: Late Quaternary paleotemperatures derived from a speleothem from Cango caves, Cape province, South Africa, Quaternary Res. 37, 203–213, 1992.
Thamm, A. G. and Johnson, M. R.: The Cape Supergroup, in: The Geology of South Africa, Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg/Council for Geoscience Pretoria, 443–461, 2006.
Thomas, D. S. and Shaw, P. A.: Late Quaternary environmental change in central southern Africa: new data, synthesis, issues and prospects, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 21, 783–797, 2002.
Tierney, J. E., Russell, J. M., Huang, Y., Damsté, J. S. S., Hopmans, E. C., and Cohen, A. S.: Northern Hemisphere Controls on Tropical Southeast African Climate During the Past 60,000 Years, Science, 322, 252–255, 2008.
Truc, L., Chevalier, M., Favier, C., Cheddadi, R., Meadows, M. E., Scott, L., Carr, A. S., Smith, G. F., and Chase, B. M.: Quantification of climate change for the last 20,000 years from Wonderkrater, South Africa: implications for the long-term dynamics of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 386, 575–587, 2013.
Tyson, P. D. and Lindesay, J.: The climate of the last 2000 years in southern Africa, The Holocene, 2, 271–278, 1992.
Tyson, P. D. and Preston-Whyte, R. A.: Weather and climate of southern Africa, Oxford University Press, 2000.
Vogel, J. C., Fuls, A., and Ellis, R. P.: Geographical distribution of Kranz grasses in South Africa, South Afr. J. Sci., 1978.
Vogts, A., Moossen, H., Rommerskirchen, F., and Rullkötter, J.: Distribution patterns and stable carbon isotopic composition of alkanes and alkan-1-ols from plant waxes of African rain forest and savanna species, Org. Geochem., 40, 1037–1054, 2009.
Weijers, J. W. H., Schefuß, E., Kim, J. H., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., and Schouten, S.: Constraints on the sources of branched tetraether membrane lipids in distal marine sediments, Org. Geochem., 72, 14–22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.04.011, 2014.
Weldeab, S., Stuut, J.-B. W., Schneider, R. R., and Siebel, W.: Holocene climate variability in the winter rainfall zone of South Africa, Clim. Past, 9, 2347–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-2347-2013, 2013.
Woodborne, S., Hall, G., Robertson, I., Patrut, A., Rouault, M., Loader, N. J., and Hofmeyr, M.: A 1000-Year Carbon Isotope Rainfall Proxy Record from South African Baobab Trees (< italic> Adansonia digitata< /italic> L.), PLoS ONE, 10, e0124202, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124202, 2015.
Wündsch, M., Haberzettl, T., Kirsten, K. L., Kasper, T., Zabel, M., Dietze, E., Baade, J., Daut, G., Meschner, S., Meadows, M. E., and Mäusbacher, R.: Sea level and climate change at the southern Cape coast, South Africa, during the past 4.2 kyr, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 446, 295–307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.01.027, 2016.
Ziervogel, G., New, M., Archer van Garderen, E., Midgley, G., Taylor, A., Hamann, R., Stuart-Hill, S., Myers, J., and Warburton, M.:Climate change impacts and adaptation in South Africa, WIREs Clim Change, 5, 605–620, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.295, 2014,
Short summary
Our study demonstrates that a source to sink analysis in the Gouritz catchment can be used to obtain valuable paleoclimatic information form the year-round rainfall zone. In combination with SST reconstructions these data are a valuable contribution to the discussion of Southern Hemisphere palaeoenvironments and climate variability (in particular atmosphere–ocean circulation and hydroclimate change) in the South African Holocene.
Our study demonstrates that a source to sink analysis in the Gouritz catchment can be used to...
