Climate of the Past www.clim-past.net 1814-9324 1814-9332 3 2 2007 10.5194/cp-3-279-2007 http://www.clim-past.net/3/279/2007/ http://www.clim-past.net/3/279/2007/cp-3-279-2007.html http://www.clim-past.net/3/279/2007/cp-3-279-2007.pdf 279 296 2007-06-04 Results of PMIP2 coupled simulations of the Mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum – Part 2: feedbacks with emphasis on the location of the ITCZ and mid- and high latitudes heat budget P. Braconnot pascale.braconnot@cea.fr B. Otto-Bliesner S. Harrison S. Joussaume J.-Y. Peterchmitt A. Abe-Ouchi M. Crucifix E. Driesschaert Th. Fichefet C. D. Hewitt M. Kageyama A. Kitoh M.-F. Loutre O. Marti U. Merkel G. Ramstein P. Valdes L. Weber Y. Yu Y. Zhao Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité mixte CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Orme des Merisiers, bât. 712, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, Colorado, USA School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1SS, UK Center for Climate System Research, The University of Tokyo, Japan 277-8568 and FRCGC/JAMSTEC, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan Met Office Hadley Centre, Fitzroy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan Universität Bremen, FB5 Geosciences, Geosystem modelling, P.O. Box 330 440, 28334 Bremen, Germany Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, P.O.~Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 9804, Beijing 100029, P. R. China A set of coupled ocean-atmosphere(-vegetation) simulations using state of the art climate models is now available for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Mid-Holocene (MH) through the second phase of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP2). Here we quantify the latitudinal shift of the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the tropical regions during boreal summer and the change in precipitation in the northern part of the ITCZ. For both periods the shift is more pronounced over the continents and East Asia. The maritime continent is the region where the largest spread is found between models. We also clearly establish that the larger the increase in the meridional temperature gradient in the tropical Atlantic during summer at the MH, the larger the change in precipitation over West Africa. The vegetation feedback is however not as large as found in previous studies, probably due to model differences in the control simulation. 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