Climate of the Past www.clim-past.net 1814-9324 1814-9332 3 3 2007 10.5194/cp-3-541-2007 http://www.clim-past.net/3/541/2007/ http://www.clim-past.net/3/541/2007/cp-3-541-2007.html http://www.clim-past.net/3/541/2007/cp-3-541-2007.pdf 541 547 2007-09-07 Direct north-south synchronization of abrupt climate change record in ice cores using Beryllium 10 G. M. Raisbeck raisbeck@csnsm.in2p3.fr F. Yiou J. Jouzel T. F. Stocker Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse, IN2P3-CNRS-Université de Paris-Sud, Bât. 108, 91405 Orsay, France IPSL/LSCE, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland A new, decadally resolved record of the ¹⁰Be peak at 41 kyr from the EPICA Dome C ice core (Antarctica) is used to match it with the same peak in the GRIP ice core (Greenland). This permits a direct synchronisation of the climatic variations around this time period, independent of uncertainties related to the ice age-gas age difference in ice cores. Dansgaard-Oeschger event 10 is in the period of best synchronisation and is found to be coeval with an Antarctic temperature maximum. Simulations using a thermal bipolar seesaw model agree reasonably well with the observed relative climate chronology in these two cores. They also reproduce three Antarctic warming events observed between A1 and A2. Beer, J., Johnsen, S. J., Bonani, G., Finkel, R. C., Langway, C. C., Oeschger, H., Stauffer, B., Suter M., and Wölfli, W.: $^10$Be peaks as time markers in polar ice core records, in: The Last Deglaciation: Absolute and Radiocarbon Chronologies, edited by: Bard, E. and Broecker, W. S., Springer, New York, 141–143, 1992. Bender, M., Sowers, T., Dickson, M.-L., Orchardo, J., Grootes, P., Mayewski, P. A., and Meese, D. A.: Climate correlations between Greenland and Antarctica during the past 100 000 years, Nature, 372, 663–666, 1994. Bender, M., Malaizé, B., Orchardo, J., Sowers, T., and Jouzel, J.: High precision correlations of Greenland and Antarctic ice core records over the last 100 kyr, in: Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, edited by: Clark, P. U., Webb, D. J., Keigwin, L. D., American Geophysical Union, Washington, vol. 112, pp. 149–164, 1999. Blunier, T. and Brook, E. J.: Timing of millennial-scale climate change in Antarctica and Greenland during the last glacial period, Science, 291, 109–112, 2001. Blunier, T., Chappellaz, J., Schwander, J., Dallenbach, A., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T. F., Raynaud, D., Jouzel, J., Clausen, H. B., Hammer, C. U., and Johnsen, S. J., Asynchrony of Antarctic and Greenland climate change during the last glacial period, Nature, 394(6695), 739–743, 1998. Blunier, T., Spahni, R., Barnola, J. M., Loulergue, L., and Schwander, J.: Synchronization of ice core records via atmospheric gases, Clim. Past, 3, 325–330, 2007. Broecker, W. S.: Paleocean circulation during the last deglaciation: a bipolar seesaw?, Paleoceanography, 13, 119–121, 1998. Caillon, N., Jouzel, J., Severinghaus, J. P., Chappellaz, J., and Blunier, T.: A novel method to study the phase relationship between Antarctic and Greenland climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(17), 1899–2002, 2003. Castagnoli, G. C., Albrecht, A., Beer, J., Bonino, G., Shen, C., Callegari, E., Taricco, C., Dittrich-Hannen, B., Kubik, P., Suter, M., and Zhu, G. M.: Evidence for enhanced Be-10 deposition in Mediterranean sediments 35-Kyr BP, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(6), 707–710, 1995. Crowley, T. J.: North Atlantic deep water cools the southern hemisphere, Paleoceanography, 7, 489–497, 1992. Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Gundestrup, N. S., Hammer, C. U., Hvidberg, C. S., Steffensen, J. P., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. E., Jouzel, J., and Bond, G.: Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyr ice-core record, Nature, 364, 218–220, 1993. EPICA Community Members: Eight glacial cycles from an Antarctic ice core, Nature, 429, 623–628, 2004. EPICA Community Members: Interhemispheric coupling of millenial scale variability during the last glacial, Nature, 444, 195–198, 2006. Grootes, P. M., Stuiver, M., White, J. W. C., Johnsen, S., and Jouzel, J.: Comparison of oxygen isotope records from the GISP2 and GRIP Greenland ice cores, Nature, 366, 552–554, 1993. Huber, C., Leuenberger, M., Spahni, R., Flückiger, J., Schwander, J., Stocker, T. F., Johnsen, S., Landais, A., and Jouzel, J.: Isotope calibrated Greenland temperature record over Marine Isotope Stage 3 and its relation to CH4, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 243, 504–519, 2006. Johnsen, S. J., Dansgaard, W., and White, J. W. C.: The origin of Arctic precipitation under present and glacial conditions, Tellus, 41B, 452–468, 1989. Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dansgaard, W., Fuhrer, K., Gundestrup, N., Hammer, C. U., Iversen, P., Jouzel, J., Stauffer, B., and Steffensen, J. P.: Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core, Nature, 359, 311–313, 1992. Johnsen, S. J., DahlJensen, D., Gundestrup, N., Steffensen, J. P., Clausen, H. B., Miller, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Sveinbjornsdottir, A. E., and White, J.: Oxygen isotope and palaeotemperature records from six Greenland ice-core stations: Camp Century, Dye-3, GRIP, GISP2, Renland and NorthGRIP, J. Quat. Sci., 16(4), 299–307, 2001. Jouzel, J., Lorius, C., Johnsen, S., and Grootes, P.: Climate instabilities – Greenland and Antarctic records, Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Série II, 319(1), 65–77, 1994. Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Cattani, O., Dreyfus, G., Falourd, S.,Hoffmann, G., Minster, B., Nouet, J., Barnola, J. M., Chappellaz, J., Fischer, H., Gallet, J. C., Johnsen, S., Leuenberger, M., Loulergue, L., Luethi, D., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Raisbeck, G., Raynaud, D., Schilt, A., Schwander, J., Selmo, E., Souchez, R., Spahni, R., Stauffer, B., Steffensen, J. P., Stenni, B., Stocker, T. F., Tison, J. L., Werner, M., and Wolff, E. W.: Orbital and millenial Antarctic climate variability over the last 800 000 years, Science, 317, 793–796, doi:10.1126/science.1141038, 2007. Knutti, R., Flückiger, J., Stocker, T. F., and Timmermann, A.: Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through freshwater discharge and ocean circulation, Nature, 430, 851–856, 2004. Landais, A., Masson-Delmotte, V., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Johnsen, S., Huber, C., Leuenberger, M., Schwander, J., and Minster, B.: The glacial inception as recorded in the NorthGRIP Greenland ice core: timing, structure and associated abrupt temperature changes, Clim. Dynam., 26(2–3), 273–284, 2006. Loulergue, L., Parrenin, F., Blunier, T., Barnola, J.-M., Spahni, R., Scilt, A., Raisbeck, G., and Chappellaz, J.: New constraints on the gas age-ice age difference along the EPICA ice cores, 0–50 kyr, Clim. Past, 3, 527–540, 2007. McHargue, L. R., Damon, P. E., and Donahue, D. J.: Enhanced cosmic-ray production of Be-10 coincident with the Mono Lake and Laschamp geomagnetic excursions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22(5), 659–662, 1995. Muscheler, R., Beer, J., Wagner, G., Laj, C., Kissel, C., Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., and Kubik, P. W.: Changes in the carbon cycle during the last deglaciation as indicated by the comparison of Be-10 and C-14 records, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 219(3–4), 325–340, 2004. North GRIP Members: High-resolution climate record of the northern hemisphere back into the last interglacial period, Nature, 431, 147–151, 2004. Paillard, D., Labeyrie, L. D., and Yiou, P.: Macintosh program performs time-series analysis, EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 77, 379, 1996. Parrenin, F., Barnola, J.-M., Beer, J., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Chappellaz, J., Dreyfus, G., Fischer, H., Fujita, S., Jouzel, J., Kawamura, K., Lemieux, B., Loulergue, L., Masson-Delmotte, V., Narcisi, B., Petit, J.-R., Raisbeck, G. M., Raynaud, D., Ruth, U., Schwander, J., Severi, M., Spahni, R., Steffensen, J. P., Svensson, A., Udisti, R., Waelbroeck, C., and Wolff, E. The EDC3 agescale for the EPICA Dome C ice core, Clim. Past, 3, 485–497, 2007. Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., Bourlès, D., Lorius, C., Jouzel, J., and Barkov, N. I., Evidence for two intervals of enhanced Be-10 deposition in Antarctic ice during the last glacial period, Nature, 326(6110), 273–277, 1987. Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., Jouzel, J., Petit, J. R., Bard, E., and Barkov, N. I.: $^10$Be deposition at Vostok, Antarctica, during the last 50000 years and its relationship to possible cosmogenic production variations during this period, in: The Last Deglaciation: Absolute and Radiocarbon Chronologies, edited by: Bard, E. and Broecker, W. S., Springer, New York, 127–139, 1992. Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., Bard, E., Dollfus, D., Jouzel, J., and Petit, J. R.: Absolute dating of the last 7000 years of the Vostok ice core using $^10$Be, Mineralogical Magazine, 62A, 1228, 1998. Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., and Jouzel, J.: Cosmogenic $^10$Be as a high resolution correlation tool for climate records, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, A623, 2002. Robinson, C., Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., Lehman, B., and Laj, C.: The relationship between Be-10 and geomagnetic field strength records in central North Atlantic sediments during the last 80 ka, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 136(3–4), 551–557, 1995. Ruth, U., Barnola, J.-M., Beer, J., Bigler, M., Blunier, T., Castellano, E., Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Huybrechts, P., Kaufmann, P., Kipfstuhl, J., Lambrecht, A., Morganti, A., Oerter, H., Parrenin, F., Rybak, O., Severi, M., Udisti, R., Wilhelms, F., and Wolff, E.: EDML1: A chronology for the EDML ice core, Antarctica, over the last 150 000 years, Clim. Past, 3, 474–484, 2007. Schmittner, A., Saenko, O. A., and Weaver, A. J.: Coupling of the hemispheres in observations and simulations of glacial climate change, Quat. Sci. Rev., 22, 659–671, 2003. Steig, E. J. and Alley, R. B.: Phase relationships between Antarctic and Greenland climate records, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 451–456, 2002. Stenni, B., Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Roethlisberger, R., Castellano, E., Cattani, O., Falourd, S., Johnsen, S. J., Longinelli, A., Sachs, J. P., Selmo, E., Souchez, R., Steffensen, J. P., and Udisti, R.: A late-glacial high-resolution site and source temperature record derived from the EPICA Dome C isotope records (East Antarctica), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 217(1–2), 183–195, 2004. Stocker, T. F.: The seesaw effect, Science, 282, 61–62, 1998. Stocker, T. F. and Johnsen, S. J.: A minimum thermodynamic model for the bipolar seesaw, Paleoceanography, 18, 1087, doi:10.1029/2003PA000920, 2003. Waelbroeck, C., Labeyrie, L., Michel, E., Duplessy, J. C., McManus, J. F., Lambeck, K., Balbon, E., and Labracherie, M.: Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records, Quat. Sci. Rev., 21(1–3), 295–305, 2002. Wagner, G., Beer, J., Masarik, J., Muscheler, R., Kubik, P. W., Mende, W., Laj, C., Raisbeck, G. M., and Yiou, F.: Presence of the solar de Vries cycle ($\sim $ 205 years) during the last ice age, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(2), 303–306, 2001. Yiou, F., Raisbeck, G. M., Baumgartner, S., Beer, J., Hammer, C., Johnsen, S., Jouzel, J., Kubik, P. W., Lestringuez, J., Stievenard, M., Suter, M., and Yiou, P., Beryllium 10 in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core at Summit, Greenland, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 26 783–26 794, 1997.