CP Climate of the Past CP 1814-9332 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/cp-8-135-2012 Change in dust variability in the Atlantic sector of Antarctica at the end of the last deglaciation Wegner A. 1 Gabrielli P. 2 3 Wilhelms-Dick D. 1 10 Ruth U. 4 Kriews M. 1 De Deckker P. 5 Barbante C. 2 6 Cozzi G. 2 6 Delmonte B. 7 Fischer H. 1 8 9 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes, CNR, 30123 Venice, Italy School of Earth Science and Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA Climate Analysis and Consulting, Pfullingen, Germany Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Department of Environmental Sciences, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy DISAT – Department Environmental Sciences, University Milano Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Oeschger Institute for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland now at: University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Strasse, Bremen, Germany 19 01 2012 8 1 135 147 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.clim-past.net/8/135/2012/cp-8-135-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.clim-past.net/8/135/2012/cp-8-135-2012.pdf

We present a Rare Earth Elements (REE) record determined on the EPICA ice core drilled at Dronning Maud Land (EDML) in the Atlantic sector of the East Antarctic Plateau. The record covers the transition from the last glacial stage (LGS) to the early Holocene (26 600–7500 yr BP) at decadal to centennial resolution. Additionally, samples from potential source areas (PSAs) for Antarctic dust were analyzed for their REE characteristics. The dust provenance is discussed by comparing the REE fingerprints in the ice core and the PSA samples. We find a shift in variability in REE composition at ~15 000 yr BP in the ice core samples. Before 15 000 yr BP, the dust composition is very uniform and its provenance was most certainly dominated by a South American source. After 15 000 yr BP, multiple sources such as Australia and New Zealand become relatively more important, although South America remains the major dust source. A similar change in the dust characteristics was observed in the EPICA Dome C ice core at around ~15 000 yr BP, accompanied by a shift in the REE composition, thus suggesting a change of atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere.

 References Blunier, T., Schwander, J., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T., Daellenbach, A., Indermuehle, A., Tschumi, J., Chappellaz, J., Raynaud, D., and Barnola, J.: Timing of the Antarctic Cold Reversal and the Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Increase with Respect to the Younger Dryas Event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2683–2686, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97GL02658doi:10.1029/97GL02658, 1997. Bory, A., Wolff, E., Mulvaney, R., Jagoutz, E., Wegner, A., Ruth, U., and Elderfield, H.: Multiple sources supply eolian mineral dust to the Atlantic sector of coastal Antarctica: Evidence from recent snow layers at the top of Berkner Island ice sheet, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 291, 138-148, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.006doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.006, 2010. De Deckker, P., Norman, M., Goodwin, I. D., Wain, A., and Gingele, F. X.: Lead isotopic evidence for an Australian source of Aeolian dust to Antarctica at times over the last 170 000~years, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 285, 205–223, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.013doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.013, 2010. Delmonte, B.: Quaternary origin and variations of continental dust in East Antarctica, Ph.D~Thesis, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Universite Joseph Fourier-Grenoble~I, Grenoble, France, 2003. Delmonte, B., Petit, J. R., Andersen, K. K., Basile-Doelseh, I., Maggi, V., and Lipenkov, V. Y.: Dust size evidence for opposite regional atmospheric circulation changes over east Antarctica during the last climatic transition, Clim. Dynam., 23, 427–438, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-004-0450-9doi:10.1007/s00382-004-0450-9, 2004a. Delmonte, B., Basile-Doelsch, I., Petit, J.-R., Maggi, V., Revel-Rolland, M., Michard, A., Jagoutz, E., and Grousset, F.: Comparing the Epica and Vostok dust records during the last 220,000~years: stratigraphical correlation and provenance in glacial periods, Earth.-Sci. Rev., 66, 63–87, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.10.004doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2003.10.004, 2004b. Delmonte, B., Andersson, P. S., Hansson, M., Schoeberg, H., Petit, J., Basile-Doelsch, I., and Maggi, V.: Aeolian dust in East Antarctica (EPICA-Dome~C and Vostok): Provenance during glacial ages over the last 800 kyr, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L07703, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GL033382doi:10.1029/2008GL033382, 2008. Delmonte, B., Andersson, P. S., Schoeberg, H., Hansson, M., Petit, J. R., Delmas, R., Gaiero, D. M., Maggi, V., and Frezzotti, M.: Geographic provenance of aeolian dust in East Antarctica during Pleistocene glaciations: preliminary results from Talos Dome and comparison with East Antarctic and new Andean ice core data, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 256–264, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.010doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.010, 2010a. Delmonte, B., Andersson, P. S., Schoberg, H., Hansson, M., Aciego, S., Petit, J.-R., Albani, S., Mazzola, C., Maggi, V., and Frezzotti, M.: Aeolian dust in the Talos Dome ice core (East Antarctica, Pacific/Ross Sea sector): Victoria Land versus remote sources over the last two climate cycles, J. Quaternary Sci., 25, 1327-1337, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1418doi:10.1002/jqs.1418, 2010b. Dick, D., Wegner, A., Gabrielli, P., Barbante, C., Ruth, U., and Kriews, M.: ICP-Time of Flight-MS as a versatile tool for ultra trace element analysis in Antarctic ice, Anal. Chim. Acta, 621, 140–147, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.026doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.026, 2008. EPICA Community Members: One-to-one coupling of glacial climate variability in Greenland and Antarctica, Nature, 444, 195–198, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05301doi:10.1038/nature05301, 2006. Fischer, H., Fundel, F., Ruth, U., Twarloh, B., Wegner, A., Udisti, R., Becagli, S., Castellano, E., Morganti, A., Severi, M., Wolff, E., Littot, G., Roethlisberger, R., Mulvaney, R., Hutterli, M. A., Kaufmann, P., Federer, U., Lambert, F., Bigler, M., Hansson, M., Jonsell, U., de Angelis, M., Boutron, C., Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Steffensen, J. P., Barbante, C., Gaspari, V., Gabrielli, P., and Wagenbach, D.: Reconstruction of millenial changes in the dust emission, transport and regional sea ice coverage using the deep EPICA ice cores from the Atlantic and the Indian sector of Antarctica, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 260, 340–354, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.014doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.06.014, 2007. Gabrielli, P., Barbante, C., Boutron, C., Cozzi, G., Gaspari, V., Planchon, F., Ferrari, C., Turetta, C., Hong, S., and Cescon, P.: Variations in atmospheric trace elements in Dome~C (East Antarctica) ice over the last two climatic cycles, Atmos. Environ., 39, 6420–6429, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.025doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.025, 2005a. Gabrielli, P., Planchon, F. A. M., Hong, S. M., Lee, K. H., Do Hur, S., Barbante, C., Ferrari, C. P., Petit, J. R., Lipenkov, V. Y., Cescon, P., and Boutron, C. F.: Trace elements in Vostok Antarctic ice during the last four climatic cycles, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 234, 249–259, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.001doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.001, 2005b. Gabrielli, P., Barbante, C., Turetta, C., Marteel, A., Boutron, C., Cozzi, G., Cairns, W., Ferrari, C., and Cescon, P.: Direct determination of rare earth elements at the subpicogram per gram level in antarctic ice by ICP-SFMS using a desolvation system, Anal. Chem., 78, 1883–1889, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac0518957doi:10.1021/ac0518957, 2006. Gabrielli, P., Wegner, A., Petit, J.-R., Delmonte, B., De Deckker, P., Gaspari, V., Fischer, H., Ruth, U., Kriews, M., Boutron, C., Cescon, P., and Barbante, C.: A major glacial-interglacial change in aeolian dust composition inferred from Rare Earth Elements in Antarctic ice, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 265–273, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.002doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.09.002, 2010. Gaiero, D. M.: Dust provenance in Antarctic ice during glacial periods: From where in southern South America?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17707, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030520doi:10.1029/2007GL030520, 2007. Gaiero, D. M., Depetris, P. J., Probst, J., Bidart, S. M., and Leleyter, L.: The signature of river- and wind-borne materials exported from Patagonia to the southern latitudes: a view from REEs and implications for paleoclimatic interpretations, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 219, 357–376, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00686-1doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00686-1, 2004. Gaspari, V., Barbante, C., Cozzi, G., Cescon, P., Boutron, C. F., Gabrielli, P., Capodaglio, G., Ferrari, C., Petit, J. R., and Delmonte, B.: Atmospheric iron fluxes over the last deglaciation: Climatic implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03704, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024352doi:10.1029/2005GL024352, 2006. Gaudichet, A., Petit, J., Lefevre, R., and Lorius, C.: An investigation by analytical transmission electron microscopy of individual insoluble microparticles from Antarctic (Dome~C) ice core samples, Tellus~B, 38, 250–261, 1986. Gaudichet, A., De Angelis, M., Lefevre, R., Petit, J., Korotkevitch, Y. S., and Petroy, V. N.: Mineralogy of insoluble particles in the Vostok Antarctic ice core over the last climatic cylce (150 kyr), Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1471–1474, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/GL015i013p01471doi:10.1029/GL015i013p01471, 1988. Kamber, B. S., Greig, A., and Collerson, K. D.: A new estimate for the composition of weathered young upper continental crust from alluvial sediments, Queensland, Australia, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 1041-1058, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.020doi:10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.020, 2005. Kaufmann, P. R., Federer, U., Hutterli, M., Bigler, M., Schuepbach, S., Ruth, U., Schmitt, J., and Stocker, T.: An Improved Continuous Flow Analysis System for High-Resolution Field Measurements on Ice Cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8044–8050, http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es8007722doi:10.1021/es8007722, 2008. Lambert, F., Delmonte, B., Petit, J. R., Bigler, M., Kaufmann, P. R., Hutterli, M. A., Stocker, T. F., Ruth, U., Steffensen, J. P., and Maggi, V.: Dust-climate couplings over the past 800,000~years from the EPICA Dome~C ice core, Nature, 452, 616–619, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature06763doi:10.1038/nature06763, 2008. Lamy, F., Kaiser, J., Ninnemann, U., Hebbeln, D., Arz, H., and Stoner, J.: Antarctic timing of surface water changes off Chile and Patagonian ice sheet response, Science, 304, 1959–1962, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1097863doi:10.1126/science.1097863, 2004. Lanci, L., Delmonte, B., Maggi, V., Petit, J. R., and Kent, D. V.: Ice magnetization in the EPICA-Dome~C ice core: Implication for dust sources during glacial and interglacial periods, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14207, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009678doi:10.1029/2007JD009678, 2008. Li, F., Ginoux, G., and Ramaswamy, V.: Distribution, transport, and deposition of mineral dust in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica: Contribution of major sources, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10207, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009190doi:10.1029/2007JD009190, 2008. Mahowald, N., Albani, S., Engelstaedter, S., Winckler, G., and Goman, M.: Model insight into glacial interglacial paleodust records, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 30, 832–854, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.007doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.09.007, 2011. Marino, F., Castellano, E., Ceccato, D., De Deckker, P., Delmonte, B., Ghermandi, G., Maggi, V., Petit, J., Revel Rolland, M., and Udisti, R.: Defining the geochemical composition of the EPICA Dome~C ice core dust during the last glacial-interglacial cycle, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 9, Q10018, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008GC002023doi:10.1029/2008GC002023, 2008. Marino, F., Castellano, E., Nava, S., Chiari, M., Ruth, U., Wegner, A., Lucarelli, F., Udisti, R., Delmonte, B., and Maggi, V.: Coherent composition of glacial dust on opposite sides of the East Antarctic Plateau inferred from the deep EPICA ice cores, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L23703, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL040732doi:10.1029/2009GL040732, 2009. Marx, S. K., Kamber, B. S., and McGowan, H. A.: Provenance of long-travelled dust determined with ultra-trace-element composition: a pilot study with samples from New Zealand glaciers, Earth Surf. Proc. Land., 30, 699–716, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1169doi:10.1002/esp.1169, 2005. Reijmer, C. H., van den Broeke, M. R., and Scheele, M. P.: Air parcel trajectories to five deep drilling locations on Antarctica, based on the ERA-15 data set, J. Climate, 15, 1957–1968, 2002. Revel-Rolland, M., De Deckker, P., Delmonte, B., Hesse, P. P., Magee, J. W., Basile-Doelsch, I., Grousset, F., and Bosch, D.: Eastern Australia: A possible source of dust in East Antarctica interglacial ice, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 249, 1–13, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.06.028doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2006.06.028, 2006. Roethlisberger, R., Bigler, M., Hutterli, M., Sommer, S., Stauffer, B., Junghans, H. G., and Wagenbach, D.: Technique for continuous high-resolution analysis of trace substances in firn and ice cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 338–342, 2000. Roethlisberger, R., Mulvaney, R., Wolff, E. W., Hutterli, M. A., Bigler, M., Sommer, S., and Jouzel, J.: Dust and sea salt variability in central East Antarctica (Dome~C) over the last 45 kyrs and its implications for southern high-latitude climate, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1963, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015186doi:10.1029/2002GL015186, 2002. Rudnick, R. L. and Gao, S.:Composition of the continental crust, in: The Crust, Vol 3 Treatise on Geochemistry, edited by: Holland, H. D., Turekian, K. K., and Rudnick, R. L., Elsevier Pergamon, Oxford, 1-64, 2005. Severi, M., Becagli, S., Castellano, E., Morganti, A., Traversi, R., Udisti, R., Ruth, U., Fischer, H., Huybrechts, P., Wolff, E., Parrenin, F., Kaufmann, P., Lambert, F., and Steffensen, J. P.: Synchronisation of the EDML and EDC ice cores for the last 52 kyr by volcanic signature matching, Clim. Past, 3, 367–374, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-3-367-2007doi:10.5194/cp-3-367-2007, 2007. Siggaard-Andersen, M. L., Gabrielli, P., Steffensen, J. P., Stromfeldt, T., Barbante, C., Boutron, C., Fischer, H., and Miller, H.: Soluble and insoluble lithium dust in the EPICA Dome~C ice core – Implications for changes of the East Antarctic dust provenance during the recent glacial-interglacial transition, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 258, 32–43, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.013doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.013, 2007. Smith, J., Vance, D., Kemp, R. A., Archer, C., Toms, P., King, M., and Zarate, M.: Isotopic constraints on the source of Argentinian loess – with implications for atmospheric circulation and the provenance of Antarctic dust during recent glacial maxima, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 212, 181–196, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00260-7doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00260-7, 2003. Sugden, D. E., McCulloch, R. D., Bory, A. J., and Hein, A. S.: Influence of Patagonian glaciers on Antarctic dust deposition during the last glacial period, Nat. Geosci., 2, 281–285, http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NGEO474doi:10.1038/NGEO474, 2009. Vallelonga, P., Gabrielli, P., Balliana, E., Wegner, A., Delmonte, B., Turetta, C., Burton, G., Vanhaecke, F., Rosman, K. J. R., Hong, S., Boutron, C. F., Cescon, P., and Barbante, C.: Lead isotopic compositions in the EPICA Dome~C ice core and Southern Hemisphere Potential Source Areas, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 29, 285–295, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.019doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.06.019, 2010. Winckler, G. and Fischer, H.: 30 000~Years of Cosmic Dust in Antarctic Ice, Science, 313, 491, http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1127469doi:10.1126/science.1127469, 2006.