Articles | Volume 8, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2039-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-2039-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
14 Dec 2012
Research article |
| 14 Dec 2012
A re-evaluation of the palaeoclimatic significance of phosphorus variability in speleothems revealed by high-resolution synchrotron micro XRF mapping
S. Frisia
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308 NSW, Australia
A. Borsato
School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308 NSW, Australia
R. N. Drysdale
Department of Resource Management and Geography, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 Victoria, Australia
B. Paul
School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Australia
CODES ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits and School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
A. Greig
School of Earth Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Australia
M. Cotte
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043, Grenoble Cedex, France
Related authors
Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Linda K. Ayliffe, Timothy J. Cohen, John C. Hellstrom, Michael K. Gagan, Silvia Frisia, Russell N. Drysdale, Alan D. Griffiths, and Andrea Borsato
Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the climate of southern Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation owing to sparse records for this region. We present the first high-resolution data, derived from speleothems that grew 23–5 ka. It appears that recharge to the Flinders Ranges was higher than today, particularly during 18.9–15.8 ka, argued to be due to the enhanced availability of tropical moisture. An abrupt shift to aridity is recorded at 15.8 ka, associated with restored westerly airflow.
V. E. Johnston, A. Borsato, C. Spötl, S. Frisia, and R. Miorandi
Clim. Past, 9, 99–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-99-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-99-2013, 2013
Frédéric Parrenin, Marie Bouchet, Christo Buizert, Emilie Capron, Ellen Corrick, Russell Drysdale, Kenji Kawamura, Amaëlle Landais, Robert Mulvaney, Ikumi Oyabu, and Sune Rasmussen
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2911, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2911, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Paleochrono1 probablistic dating model allows to derive a common and optimized chronology for several paleoclimatic sites from various archives (ice cores, speleothems, marine cores, lake cores, etc.). It combines prior sedimentation scenarios with chronological information such as dated horizons, dated intervals, stratigraphic links and (for ice cores) Delta-depth observations. Paleochrono1 is available under the MIT open-source license.
Timothy Pollard, Jon Woodhead, John Hellstrom, John Engel, Roger Powell, and Russell Drysdale
Geochronology, 5, 181–196, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-181-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-5-181-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
When using the uranium–lead (U–Pb) radiometric dating method on very young materials (e.g. Quaternary age zircon and carbonate minerals), it is important to accurately account for the production and decay of intermediate
daughterisotopes in the uranium-series decay chain. DQPB is open-source software that allows users to easily perform such calculations for a variety of sample types and produce publication-ready graphical outputs of the resulting age information.
Hege Kilhavn, Isabelle Couchoud, Russell N. Drysdale, Carlos Rossi, John Hellstrom, Fabien Arnaud, and Henri Wong
Clim. Past, 18, 2321–2344, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2321-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The analysis of stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios, trace element ratios, and growth rate from a Spanish speleothem provides quantitative information on past hydrological conditions during the early Holocene in south-western Europe. Our data show that the cave site experienced increased effective recharge during the 8.2 ka event. Additionally, the oxygen isotopes indicate a change in the isotopic composition of the moisture source, associated with the meltwater flux to the North Atlantic.
Zuorui Liu, Amy Prendergast, Russell Drysdale, and Jan-Hendrik May
E&G Quaternary Sci. J., 71, 227–241, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past studies used two sampling strategies, the "bulk" and "sequential" drilling methods, for stable isotopic analysis of mammoth tooth enamel and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. This study applied both methods to the same enamel ridges of multiple mammoth teeth and compared their respective δ18O values. Offsets were detected between the bulk and average sequential δ18O values. The potential reasons for the offsets and their impacts on cross-method data comparison were discussed.
Matej Lipar, Andrea Martín-Pérez, Jure Tičar, Miha Pavšek, Matej Gabrovec, Mauro Hrvatin, Blaž Komac, Matija Zorn, Nadja Zupan Hajna, Jian-Xin Zhao, Russell N. Drysdale, and Mateja Ferk
The Cryosphere, 15, 17–30, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-17-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-17-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The U–Th ages of subglacial carbonate deposits from a recently exposed surface previously occupied by the disappearing glacier in the SE European Alps suggest the glacier’s presence throughout the entire Holocene. These thin deposits, formed by regelation, would have been easily eroded if exposed during previous Holocene climatic optima. The age data indicate the glacier’s present unprecedented level of retreat and the potential of subglacial carbonates to act as palaeoclimate proxies.
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell N. Drysdale, Philip L. Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis C. Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 3649–3685, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3649-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
As part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation for the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4). This design includes time-varying changes in orbital forcing, greenhouse gas concentrations, continental ice sheets as well as freshwater input from the disintegration of continental ice sheets. Key paleo-records for model-data comparison are also included.
Monica Bini, Giovanni Zanchetta, Aurel Perşoiu, Rosine Cartier, Albert Català, Isabel Cacho, Jonathan R. Dean, Federico Di Rita, Russell N. Drysdale, Martin Finnè, Ilaria Isola, Bassem Jalali, Fabrizio Lirer, Donatella Magri, Alessia Masi, Leszek Marks, Anna Maria Mercuri, Odile Peyron, Laura Sadori, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Fabian Welc, Christoph Zielhofer, and Elodie Brisset
Clim. Past, 15, 555–577, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-555-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Mediterranean region has returned some of the clearest evidence of a climatically dry period occurring approximately 4200 years ago. We reviewed selected proxies to infer regional climate patterns between 4.3 and 3.8 ka. Temperature data suggest a cooling anomaly, even if this is not uniform, whereas winter was drier, along with dry summers. However, some exceptions to this prevail, where wetter condition seems to have persisted, suggesting regional heterogeneity.
Ilaria Isola, Giovanni Zanchetta, Russell N. Drysdale, Eleonora Regattieri, Monica Bini, Petra Bajo, John C. Hellstrom, Ilaria Baneschi, Piero Lionello, Jon Woodhead, and Alan Greig
Clim. Past, 15, 135–151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-135-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-135-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the natural variability in the climate system, the hydrological aspect (dry and wet conditions) is particularly important for its impact on our societies. The reconstruction of past precipitation regimes can provide a useful tool for forecasting future climate changes. We use multi-proxy time series (oxygen and carbon isotopes, trace elements) from a speleothem to investigate circulation pattern variations and seasonality effects during the dry 4.2 ka event in central Italy.
Laurie Menviel, Emilie Capron, Aline Govin, Andrea Dutton, Lev Tarasov, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Russell Drysdale, Philip Gibbard, Lauren Gregoire, Feng He, Ruza Ivanovic, Masa Kageyama, Kenji Kawamura, Amaelle Landais, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Ikumi Oyabu, Polychronis Tzedakis, Eric Wolff, and Xu Zhang
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-106, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The penultimate deglaciation (~ 138–128 ka), which represents the transition into the Last Interglacial period, provides a framework to investigate the climate and environmental response to large changes in boundary conditions. Here, as part of the PAGES-PMIP working group on Quaternary Interglacials, we propose a protocol to perform transient simulations of the penultimate deglaciation as well as a selection of paleo records for upcoming model-data comparisons.
Bronwyn C. Dixon, Jonathan J. Tyler, Andrew M. Lorrey, Ian D. Goodwin, Joëlle Gergis, and Russell N. Drysdale
Clim. Past, 13, 1403–1433, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1403-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-1403-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Existing sedimentary palaeoclimate records in Australasia were assessed for suitability for examining the last 2 millennia. A small number of high-quality records were identified, and new Bayesian age models were constructed for each record. Findings suggest that Australasian record chronologies and confidence in proxy–climate relationships are the main factors limiting appropriate data for examining Common Era climate variability. Recommendations for improving data accessibility are provided.
Pauline C. Treble, Andy Baker, Linda K. Ayliffe, Timothy J. Cohen, John C. Hellstrom, Michael K. Gagan, Silvia Frisia, Russell N. Drysdale, Alan D. Griffiths, and Andrea Borsato
Clim. Past, 13, 667–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-667-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Little is known about the climate of southern Australia during the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation owing to sparse records for this region. We present the first high-resolution data, derived from speleothems that grew 23–5 ka. It appears that recharge to the Flinders Ranges was higher than today, particularly during 18.9–15.8 ka, argued to be due to the enhanced availability of tropical moisture. An abrupt shift to aridity is recorded at 15.8 ka, associated with restored westerly airflow.
V. E. Johnston, A. Borsato, C. Spötl, S. Frisia, and R. Miorandi
Clim. Past, 9, 99–118, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-99-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-99-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Continental Surface Processes | Archive: Terrestrial Archives | Timescale: Cenozoic
Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) and its imprint in the continental Escanilla Formation, Spain
Fluvio-deltaic record of increased sediment transport during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), Southern Pyrenees, Spain
Terrestrial carbon isotope stratigraphy and mammal turnover during post-PETM hyperthermals in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA
Climate and ecology in the Rocky Mountain interior after the early Eocene Climatic Optimum
Palaeo-environmental evolution of Central Asia during the Cenozoic: new insights from the continental sedimentary archive of the Valley of Lakes (Mongolia)
Terrestrial responses of low-latitude Asia to the Eocene–Oligocene climate transition revealed by integrated chronostratigraphy
Mammal faunal change in the zone of the Paleogene hyperthermals ETM2 and H2
Pliocene to Pleistocene climate and environmental history of Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russian Arctic, based on high-resolution inorganic geochemistry data
Nikhil Sharma, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Thierry Adatte, Torsten Vennemann, László Kocsis, Jean Vérité, Luis Valero, and Sébastien Castelltort
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-894, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-894, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) is an enigmatic global warming event with scarce terrestrial records. To contribute to this issue, this study documents a new comprehensive geochemical record of the MECO in the fluvial Escanilla Formation, Spain. Results demonstrate continental sedimentary successions as key archives of past climate and stable isotopes as a powerful tool to correlate difficult to date fluvial successions.
Sabí Peris Cabré, Luis Valero, Jorge E. Spangenberg, Andreu Vinyoles, Jean Verité, Thierry Adatte, Maxime Tremblin, Stephen Watkins, Nikhil Sharma, Miguel Garcés, Cai Puigdefàbregas, and Sébastien Castelltort
Clim. Past, 19, 533–554, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-533-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-533-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) was a global warming event that took place 40 Myr ago and lasted ca. 500 kyr, inducing physical, chemical, and biotic changes on the Earth. We use stable isotopes to identify the MECO in the Eocene deltaic deposits of the Southern Pyrenees. Our findings reveal enhanced deltaic progradation during the MECO, pointing to the important impact of global warming on fluvial sediment transport with implications for the consequences of current climate change.
Sarah J. Widlansky, Ross Secord, Kathryn E. Snell, Amy E. Chew, and William C. Clyde
Clim. Past, 18, 681–712, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-681-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-681-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
New stable isotope records from pedogenic carbonates through the ETM2, H2, and possibly I1 hyperthermals from the Bighorn Basin highlight significant spatial variability in the preservation and magnitude of these global climate events in paleosol records. These data also provide important climate context for the extensive early Eocene mammal fossil record from the southern Bighorn Basin and support previous hypotheses that pulses in mammal turnover corresponded to the ETM2 and H2 hyperthermals.
Rebekah A. Stein, Nathan D. Sheldon, Sarah E. Allen, Michael E. Smith, Rebecca M. Dzombak, and Brian R. Jicha
Clim. Past, 17, 2515–2536, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2515-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2515-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Modern climate change drives us to look to the past to understand how well prior life adapted to warm periods. In the early Eocene, a warm period approximately 50 million years ago, southwestern Wyoming was covered by a giant lake. This lake and surrounding environments made for excellent preservation of ancient soils, plant fossils, and more. Using geochemical tools and plant fossils, we determine the region was a warm, wet forest and that elevated temperatures were maintained by volcanoes.
Andre Baldermann, Oliver Wasser, Elshan Abdullayev, Stefano Bernasconi, Stefan Löhr, Klaus Wemmer, Werner E. Piller, Maxim Rudmin, and Sylvain Richoz
Clim. Past, 17, 1955–1972, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1955-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1955-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We identified the provenance, (post)depositional history, weathering conditions and hydroclimate that formed the detrital and authigenic silicates and soil carbonates of the Valley of Lakes sediments in Central Asia during the Cenozoic (~34 to 21 Ma). Aridification pulses in continental Central Asia coincide with marine glaciation events and are caused by Cenozoic climate forcing and the exhumation of the Tian Shan, Hangay and Altai mountains, which reduced the moisture influx by westerly winds.
Y. X. Li, W. J. Jiao, Z. H. Liu, J. H. Jin, D. H. Wang, Y. X. He, and C. Quan
Clim. Past, 12, 255–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-255-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-255-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
An integrated litho-, bio-, cyclo-, and magnetostratigraphy constrains the onset of a depositional environmental change from a lacustrine to a deltaic environment in the Maoming Basin, China, at 33.88 Ma. This coincides with the global cooling during the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) at ~ 33.7–33.9 Ma. This change represents terrestrial responses of low-latitude Asia to the EOT. The greatly refined chronology permits detailed examination of the late Paleogene climate change in southeast Asia.
A. E. Chew
Clim. Past, 11, 1223–1237, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1223-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1223-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
This project describes mammal faunal response in the zone of the ETM2 and H2 hyperthermals (rapid global warming events) of the early Paleogene in the south-central Bighorn Basin, WY. The response includes changes in faunal structure and species relative body size. Comparative analysis suggests that environmental moisture and rate of change are important moderators of response.
V. Wennrich, P. S. Minyuk, V. Borkhodoev, A. Francke, B. Ritter, N. R. Nowaczyk, M. A. Sauerbrey, J. Brigham-Grette, and M. Melles
Clim. Past, 10, 1381–1399, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1381-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-1381-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Addadi, L., Raz, S., and Weiner, S.: Taking advantge of disorder: amorphous calcium carbonate and its roles on biomineralization, Adv. Mat., 12, 959–970, 2003.
Alonso-Zarza, A. M. and Wright, V. P.: Calcretes, in: Carbonates in Continental Settings, edited by: Alonso-Zarza, A. M. and Tanner, L. H., Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 269–318, 2010.
Ayliffe, L. K., Veeh, H. H., and Chivas, A.: Oxygen isotopes of phosphate and the origin of Island apatite deposits, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 108, 119–129, 1992.
Banfield, J. F. and Nealson, K. H. (Eds.): Geomicrobiology: Interactions Between Microbes and Minerals, Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy, 35, 448 pp., 1997.
Barton, H. A. and Northrup, D. E.: Geomicrobiology in cave environments: past, current and future perspectives, J. Cave Karst Stud., 69, 163–178, 2007.
Blyth, A. J. and Frisia, S.: Molecular evidence for bacterial mediation of calcite formation in cold high-altitude caves, Geomicrobiol. J., 25, 101–111, 2008.
Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Jones, B., and van der Borg, K.: Calcite moonmilk: crystal morphology and environment of formation in caves in the Italian Alps, J. Sediment. Res., 70, 1179–1190, 2000.
Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Fairchild, I. J., Somogyi, A., and Susini, J.: Trace element distribution in annual stalagmite laminae mapped by micrometer-resolution X-ray fluorescence: implications for incorporation of environmentally significant species, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 71, 1494–1512, 2007.
Braissant, O., Cailleau, G., Dupraz, C. M., and Verrecchia, E.: Bacterially induced mineralization of calcium carbonate in terrestrial environments: The role of expolysaccharides and amino acids, J. Sediment. Res., 73, 485–490, 2003.
Brierley, C. M. and Fedorov, A. V.: Relative importance of meridional and zonal sea surface temperature gradients for the onset of the ice ages and Pliocene-Pleistocene climate evolution, Paleoceanography, 25, 1–16, 2010.
Cacchio, P., Contento, R., Ercole, C., Cappuchio, G., Martinez, M. P., and Lepidi, A.: Involvement of microorganisms in the formation of carbonate speleothems in the Cervo Cave (L'Aquila-Italy), Geomicrobiol. J., 21, 497–509, 2004.
Cañaveras, J. C., Sanchez-Moral, S., Soler, V., and Saiz-Jimenez, C.: Microbial communities associated with hydromagnesite and needle fiber aragonite deposits in a karstic cave (Altamira, Northern Spain), Geomicrobiol. J., 12, 9–25, 1999.
Castanier, S., Le Metayer-Levrel, G., and Perthuisot, J.-P.: Bacterial roles in the precipitation of carbonate minerals, in: Microbial Sediments, edited by: Riding, R. E. and Awramik, S. M., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 32–39, 2000.
Combes, C. and Rey, C.: Adsorption of proteins on calcium phosphate materials bioactivity, Biomaterials, 23, 2817–2823, 2002.
Dreybrodt, W. and Scholz, D.: Climatic dependence of stable carbon and oxygen isotope signals recorded in speleothems: from soil water to speleothem calcite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 734–752, 2011.
Fairchild, I. J. and Baker, A.: Speleothem Science: From Process to Past Environment, Wiley-Blackwell, 450 pp., 2012.
Fairchild, I. J., Baker, A., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Hinton, R. W., McDermott, F., and Tooth, A. F.: Annual to sub-annual resolution of multiple trace-element trends in speleothems, J. Geol. Soc., 158, 831–841, 2001.
Fairchild, I. J., Spötl, C., Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Susini, J., Wynn, P. M., Cauzid, J., and EIMF: Petrology and geochemistry of annually laminated stalagmites from an Alpine cave (Obir, Austria): seasonal cave physiology, in: Tufas and speleothems: unravelling the microbial and physical controls, edited by: Pedley, H. M. and Rogerson, M., Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 336, 295–321, 2010.
Filippelli, G. M.: The Global Phosphorous Cycle in: Phosphates – Geochemical, Geobiological and Materials Importance, edited by: Kohn, M. J., Rakovan, J., and Huges, J. M., Mineralogical Society of America Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 48, 391–425, 2002.
Frisia, S.: Petrographic evidence for diagenesis in speleothems: Some examples, Speleochronos, 7, 21–30, 1996.
Frisia, S. and Borsato, A.: Karst, in: Carbonates in Continental Settings, edited by: Alonso-Zarza, A. M. and Tanner, L. H., Developments in Sedimentology, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 269–318, 2010.
Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Fairchild, I. J., and McDermott, F.: Calcite fabrics, growth mechanisms, and environments of formation in speleothems from the Italian Alps and South-western Ireland, J. Sediment. Res., 70, 1183–1196, 2000.
Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Fairchild, I. J., and Susini, J.: Variations in atmospheric sulphate recorded in stalagmites by synchrotron micro-XRF and XANES analyses, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 235, 729–740, 2005.
Grimes, K. G.: Karst features of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), Helictite, 37, 41–58, 2001.
Griffiths, M. L., Drysdale, R. N., Gagan, M. K., Frisia, S., Zhao, J.-X., Ayliffe, L. K. Hantoro, W. S., Fischer, M. J., Feng, Y.-X., and Suwargadi, B. W.: Evidence for Holocene changes in Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall from stalagmite trace elements and stable isotope ratios, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 292, 27–38, 2010.
Hartland, H., Fairchild, I. J, Lead, J. R., Borsato, A., Baker, A., Frisia, S., and Baalousha, M.: From soil to cave: Transport of trace metals by natural organic matter in cave dripwaters, Chem. Geol., 304–305, 68–82, 2012.
Hendy, C. H.: The isotopic geochemistry of speleothems – I. The calculation of the effects of different modes of formation on the isotopic composition of speleothems and their applicability as paleoclimatic indicators, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 35, 801–824, 1971.
Hellstrom, J. C. and McCulloch, M. T.: Multi-proxy constraints on the climatic significance of trace element records from a New Zealand speleothem, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 179, 287–297, 2000.
House, W. A. and Donaldson, L.: Adsorption and coprecipitation of phosphate in calcite, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 112, 309–324, 1983.
House, W. A., Casey, H., Donaldson, L., and Smith, S.: Factors affecting the coprecipitation of inorganic phosphate with calcite in hardwaters. I – Laboratory Studies, Water Resour., 20, 917–922, 1986.
Hu, C., Huang, J., Fang, N., Xie, S., Henderson, G., and Cai, Y.: Adsorbed silica in stalagmite carbonate and its relationship to past rainfall, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 69, 2285–2292, 2005.
Hua, Q., McDonald, J., Redwood, D., Drysdale, R., Lee, S, Fallon, S., and Hellstrom, J.: Robust chronological reconstruction for young speleothems using radiocarbon, Quaternary Geochronol., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2012.04.017, in press, 2012.
Huang, Y., Fairchild, I. J., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Cassidy, N. J., McDermott, F., and Hawkesworth, C. J.: Seasonal variations in Sr, Mg and P in modern speleothems (Grotta di Ernesto, Italy), Chem. Geol., 175, 429–448, 2001.
Ishikawa, M. and Ichikuni, M.: Coprecipitation of phosphate with calcite, Chem. J., 15, 283–288, 1981.
James, J. M.: Corrosion par melange des eaux dans les grottes de la Plaine de Nullarbor, Australia, in: Karst et Evolutions Climatique, edited by: Salomon, J.-N. and Maire, R., Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 333–348, 1992.
Jones, B.: Microbial activity in caves – a geological perspective, Geomicrobiol. J., 18, 1–13, 2001.
Jones, B.: Phosphatic precipitates associated with actinomycetes in speleothems from Grand Cayman, British West Indies, Sediment. Geol., 219, 302–317, 2009.
Jones, B.: The preferential association of dolomite with microbes in stalactites from Cayman Brac, British West Indies, Sediment. Geol., 226, 94–19, 2010a.
Jones, B.: Speleothems in a wave-cut notch, Cayman Brac, British West Indies: the integrated product of subaerial precipitation, dissolution, and microbes, Sediment. Geol., 232, 15–34, 2010b.
Kominz, M. A., Miller, K. G., and Browning, J. V.: Long-term and short-term global Cenozoic sea-level estimates, Geology, 26, 311–314, 1998
Lewis, S. C., Gagan, M. K. Ayliffe, L. K., Zhao, J.-X., Hantoro, W. S., Treble, P. C., Hellstrom, J., La Grande, A., Kelley, M., Schmidt, G. A., and Suwargadi, B. W.: High-resolution stalagmite reconstructions of Australian-Indonesian monsoon rainfall variability during Heinrich stadial 3 and Greenland interstadial 4, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 303, 133–142, 2011.
Mason, H. E., Frisia, S., Tang, Y., Reeder, R. J., and Phillips, B.: Phosphorus speciation in calcite speleothems determined from solid-state NMR spectroscopy, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 254, 313–322, 2007.
Miller, C. R., James, N. P., and Bone, Y.: Prolonged carbonate diagenesis under an evolving late Cenozoic climate; Nullarbor Plain, southern Australia, Sediment. Geol., 261–262, 33–49, 2012.
Miorandi, R., Borsato, A., Frisia, S., Fairchild, I. J., and Richter, D. K.: Epikarst hydrology and implications for stalagmite capture of climate changes at Grotta di Ernesto (NE Italy): results from long-term monitoring, Hydrol. Process., 24, 3101–3114, 2010.
Morse, J. W., Gledhill, D. K., and Millero, F. J.: CaCO3 precipitation kinetics in waters from the Great Bahama Bank: Implications for the relationship between Bank hydrochemistry and whitings precipitation kinetics in waters from the Great Bahama Bank: Implications for the relationship between Bank hydrochemistry and whitings, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 67, 2819–2826, 2003.
Nash, D. J. and Ullyott, J. S.: Silcrete, in: Geochemical Sediments and Landscapes, edited by: Nah, D. J. and McLaren, S., Blackwell Publishing, 95–143, 2007.
Paton, C., Hellstrom, J., Paul, B., Woodhead, J., and Hergt, J.: Iolite: Freeware for the visualisation and processing of mass spectrometric data, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 26, 2508–2518, 2011.
Polyak, V. J. and Güven, N.: Authigenesis of trioctaehedral smectite in magnesium-rich carbonate speleothems in Carlsbad Cavern and other caves of the Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico, Clay. Clay Miner., 48, 317–321, 2000.
Prior, L. D. and Eamus, D.: Seasonal changes in hydraulic conductance, xylem embolism and leaf area in Eucalyptus tetrodonta and Eucalyptus miniata saplings in a north Australian savanna, Plant Cell Environ., 23, 955–965, 2000.
Redwood, D. A., Drysdale, R. N., Goodwin, I. D., McDonald, J., Hellstrom, J. C., Hodge, E., and Jeffery, M.: The use of geochemical properties as climate indicators from a Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) stalagmite, Geophys. Res. Abstracts, 9, SRef-ID:1607-7962/gra/EGU2007-A-05921, 2007.
Romanek, C. S., Grossmann, E. L., and Morse, J. W.: Carbon isotopic fractionation in synthetic aragonite and calcite: Effects of temperature and precipitation rate, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 56, 419–430, 1992.
Rossi, C., Lozano, R. P., Isanta, N., and Hellstrom, J.: Manganese stromatolites in caves: El Soplao (Cantabria, Spain), Geology, 38, 1119–1122, 2010.
Sánchez-Román, M., Rivadeneyra, M. A., Vasconcelos, C., and McKenzie, J. A.: Biomineralization of carbonate and phosphate by moderately halophilic bacteria, FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 61, 273–284, 2007.
Scholz, D., Mühlinghaus, C., and Mangini, A.: Modelling $\delta ^{13}$C and δ18O in the solution layer on stalagmite surfaces, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, 2592–2602, 2009.
Sø, H. U., Postma, D., Jakobsen, R., and Larsen, F.: Sorption of phosphate onto calcite; results from batch experiments and surface complexation modeling, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 2911–2923, 2011.
Steph, S., Tiedemann, R., Prange, M., Groeneveld, J., Schulz, M., Timmermann, A., Nurnberg, D., Ruhlemann, C., Saukel, C., and Haug, G. H.: Early Pliocene increase in thermohaline overturning: A precondition for the development of the northern equatorial Pacific cold tongue, Paleoceanography, 25, 1–17, 2010.
Stoll, H. M., Müller, W., and Prieto, M.: I-STAL, a model for interpretation of Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca variations in speleothems and its forward and inverse application on seasonal to millennial scales, Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 13, Q09004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004183, 2012.
Treble, P., Shelley, J. M. G., and Chappell, J.: Comparison of high resolution sub-annual records of trace elements in a modern (1911–1992) speleothem with instrumental climate data from southwest Australia, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 216, 141–153, 2003.
Tremaine, D. M., Froelich, P. N., and Wang, Y.: Speleothem calcite farmed in situ: Modern calibration of δ18O and δ13C palaeoclimate proxies in a continuously-monitored natural cave system, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 4929–4950, 2011.
Trueman, N. A.: The phosphate, volcanic and carbonate rocks of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean), J. Geol. Soc. Aust., 12, 261–283, 1965
Turin, H. J. and Webb, J. A.: Groundwater geochemistry and isotopes near Mullamullang Cave, Nullarbor Plain, Western Australia, Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado, Abstract, 218–23, 2002.
Van Leerdam, D. M., Williams, P. A., and Cairney, J. W. G.: Phosphate – solubilising abilities of ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes of Woollsia pungens (Epacridaceae), Australian, J. Botany, 49, 75–80, 2001.
Warren, L. A., Maurice, P. A., Parmar, N., and Ferris, F. G.: Microbially Mediated Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: Implications for Interpreting Calcite Precipitation and for Solid-Phase Capture of Inorganic Contaminants, Geomicrobiol. J., 18, 93–115, 2001.
Woodhead, J., Hellstrom, J., Maas, R., Drysdale, R., Zanchetta, G., Devine, P., and Taylor, E.: U-Pb geochronology of speleothems by MC-ICPMS, Quaternary Geochronol., 1, 208–221, 2006.
