Bonino, G., Cini Castagnoli, G., Callegari, E., and Zhu, G. M.: Radiometric and tephroanalysis dating of recent Ionian sea cores, Nuovo Cimento C, 16, 155–161, 1993.
Büntgen U., Frank, D. C., Nievergelt, D., and Esper, J.: Summer temperature variations in the European Alps, AD 755–2004, J. Climate, 19, 5606–5623, 2006.
Büntgen, U., Tegel, W., Nicolussi, K., McCormick, M., Frank, D., Trouet, V., Kaplan, J. O., Herzig, F., Heussner, K. U., Wanner, H., Luterbacher, J., and Esper, J.: 2500
years of European climate variability and human susceptibility, Science, 331, 578–582, 2011.
Cini Castagnoli, G., Bonino, G., Caprioglio, F., Provenzale, A., Serio, M., and Zhu, G. M.: The carbonate profile of two recent Ionian sea cores: evidence that the sedimentation rate is constant over the last millenia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1937–1940, 1990.
Cini Castagnoli, G., Bonino, G., Provenzale, A., Serio, M., and Callegari, E.: The CaCO
3 profiles of deep and shallow Mediterranean sea cores as indicators of past solar-terrestrial relationship, Nuovo Cimento C, 15, 547–563, 1992.
Cini Castagnoli, G., Bonino, G., Della Monica, P., Taricco, C., and Bernasconi, S. M.: Solar activity in the last millennium recorded in the δ
18O profile of planktonic foraminifera of a shallow water Ionian Sea core, Solar Phys., 188, 191–202, 1999.
Cini Castagnoli, G., Bonino, G., Taricco, C., and Bernasconi, S. M.: Solar radiation variability in the last 1400 years recorded in the carbon isotope ratio of a Mediterranean sea core, Adv. Space Res., 29, 1987–1994, 2002b.
Cook, T. L., Bradley, R. S., Stoner, J. S., and Francus, P.: Five thousand years of sediment transfer in a High Arctic watershed recorded in annually laminated sediments from Lower Murray Lake, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, J. Paleolimnol., 41, 77–94, 2009.
Corona, C., Edouard, J. L., Guibal, F., Guiot, J., Bernard, S., Thomas, A., and Denelle, N.: Long-term summer (AD 751–2008) temperature fluctuation in the French Alps based on tree-ring data, Boreas, 40, 351–366, 2011.
Crowley, T. J.: Causes of climate change over the past 1000
years, Science, 289, 270–277, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.289.5477.270, 2000.
Esper, J., Cook, E. R., and Schweingruber, F. H.: Low-frequency signals in long tree-ring chronologies for reconstructing past temperature variability, Science, 295, 2250–2253, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1066208, 2002.
Esper J., Frank, D. C., Timonen, M., Zorita, E., Wilson, R. J. S., Luterbacher, J., Holzkämper, S., Fischer, N., Wagner, S., Nievergelt, D., Verstege, A., and Büntgen, U.: Orbital forcing of tree-ring data, Nat. Clim. Chang., 2, 862–866, 2012.
Folland, C. K. and Karl, T. R.: Recent rates of warming in marine environment meet controversy, Eos, Trans. AGU, 82, 453–461, https://doi.org/10.1029/01EO00270, 2001.
Ge, Q., Zheng, J., Fang, X., Man, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, P., and Wang, W. C.: Winter half-year temperature reconstruction for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze River, China, during the past 2000
years, Holocene, 13, 933–940, 2003.
Ghil, M. and Taricco, C.: Advanced spectral analysis methods, in: Past and Present Variability of the Solar-terrestrial System: Measurement, Data Analysis and Theoretical Models, edited by: Cini Castagnoli, G. and Provenzale, A., IOS Press, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 137–159, 1997.
Ghil, M. and Vautard, R.: Interdecadal oscillations and the warming trend in global temperature time series, Nature, 350, 324–327, 1991.
Ghil, M., Allen, M. R., Dettinger, M. D., Ide, K., Kondrashov, D., Mann, M. E., Robertson, A. W., Saunders, A., Tian, Y., Varadi, F., and Yiou, P.: Advanced spectral methods for climatic time series, Rev. Geophys., 40, 3.1–3.41, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000RG000092, 2002.
Graumlich, L. J.: A 1000-yr record of temperature and precipitation in the Sierra Nevada, Quaternary Res., 39, 249–255, 1993.
Grudd, H.: Torneträsk tree-ring width and density AD 500–2004: a test of climatic sensitivity and a new 1500-year reconstruction of North Fennoscandian summers, Clim. Dyn., 31, 843–857, 2008.
Guo, W., Wang, Y., and Brown, M. B.: A signal extraction approach to modelling hormone time series with pulses and a changing baseline, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 94, 746–756, 1999.
Helama, S., Macias Fauria, M., Mielikäinen, K., Timonen, M., and Eronen, M.: Sub-Milankovitch solar forcing of past climates: mid and late Holocene perspectives, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 122, 1981–1988, 2010.
Jones, P. D.: Climate variations and forcing mechanisms of the last 2000 Years, edited by: Bradley, S., and Jouzel, J., NATOASI Series I, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 649 pp., 1996.
Jones, P. D. and Briffa, K. R.: What can the instrumental record tell us about longer timescale paleoclimatic reconstructions, in: Climatic Variations and Forcing Mechanisms of the Last 2000 Years, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 625–644, 1996.
Jones, P. D., Briffa, K. R., Barnett, T. P., and Tett, S. F. B.: High-resolution palaeoclimatic records for the last millennium: interpretation, integration and comparison with General Circulation Model control-run temperatures, Holocene, 8, 455–471, 1998.
Jones, P. D., New, M., Parker, D. E., Martin, S., and Rigor, I. G.: Surface air temperature and its changes over the past 150
years, Rev. Geophys., 37, 173–199, 1999.
Jones, P. D., Lister, D. H., Osborn, T. J., Harpham, C., Salmon, M., and Morice, C. P.: Hemispheric and large-scale land-surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D05127, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017139, 2012.
Jones, P. D., Parker, D. E., Osborn, T. J., and Briffa, K. R.: Global and hemispheric temperature anomalies – land and marine instrumental records, in Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/cli.002, 2013.
Kalugin, I. A., Daryin, A. V., and Babich, V. V.: Reconstruction of annual air temperatures for three thousand years in Altai region by lithological and geochemical indicators in Teletskoe Lake sediments, Dokl. Earth Sci., 426, 681–684, 2009.
Keppenne, C. L. and Ghil, M.: Adaptive filtering and prediction of noisy multivariate signals: An application to subannual variability in atmospheric angular momentum, Intl. J. Bifurcation Chaos, 3, 625–634, 1993.
Kobashi, T., Kawamura, K, Severinghaus, J. P., Barnola, J.-M., Nakaegawa, T., Vinther, B. M., Johnsen, S. J., and Box, J. E.: High variability of Greenland surface temperature over the past 4000
years estimated from trapped air in an ice core, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L21501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL049444, 2011.
Krishnaswamy, S., Lal, D., Martin, J. M., and Meybeck, M.: Geochronology of lake sediments, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 11, 407–414, 1971.
Lehner, F., Raible, C. C., and Stocker, T. F.: Testing the robustness of a precipitation proxy-based North Atlantic Oscillation reconstruction, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 45, 85–94, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.025, 2012.
Lindholm, M., Jalkanen, R., Salminen, H., Aalto, T., and Ogurtsov, M.: The height-increment record of summer temperature extended over the last millennium in Fennoscandia, Holocene, 21, 319–326, 2011.
Liu, Y., An, Z. S., Linderholm, H. W., Chen, D. L., Song, H. M., Cai, Q. F., Sun, J. Y., and Tian, H.: Annual temperatures during the last 2485
years in the mid-eastern Tibetan Plateau inferred from tree rings, Sci. China Ser. D, 52, 348–359, 2009.
Loso, M. G.: Summer temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age inferred from varved proglacial lake sediments in Southern Alaska, J. Paleolimnol., 41, 117–128, 2009.
Luckman, B. H., Briffa, K. R., Jones, P. D., and Schweingruber, F. H.: Tree-ring based reconstruction of summer temperatures at the Columbia Icefield, Alberta, Canada, AD 1073–1983, Holocene, 7, 375–389, 1999.
Mañé, R.: On the dimension of the compact invariant sets of certain non-linear maps. In: Dynamical Systems and Turbulence, Vol. 898 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer, Berlin, 230–242, 1981.
Mann, M. E. and Jones, P. D.: Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1820–1823, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017814, 2003.
Mann, M. E., Bradley, R. S., and Hughes, M. K.: Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the past millennium: Inferences, uncertainties, and limitations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 759–762, 1999.
Mann, M. E., Zhang, Z., Hughes, M. K., Bradley, R. S., Miller, S. K., and Rutherford, S.: Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia, P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 105, 13252–13257, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0805721105, 2008.
Martín-Chivelet, J., Muñoz-García, M. B., Edwards, R. L., Turrero, M. J., and Ortega, A. I.: Land surface temperature changes in Northern Iberia since 4000
yr BP, based on δ
13C of speleothems, Global Planet. Change, 77, 1–12, 2011.
Martinson, D. G., Bryan, K., Ghil, M., Hall, M. M., Karl, T. R., Sarachik, E. S., Sorooshian, S., and Talley, L. D. (Eds.): Natural climate variability on decade-to-century time scales, in: National Research Council of the National Academies, National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA, 630 pp., 1995.
McKay, N. P., Kaufman, D. S., and Michelutti, N.: Biogenic silica concentration as a high-resolution, quantitative temperature proxy at Hallet Lake, South-central Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L05709, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL032876, 2008.
Moberg, A., Sonechkin D. M., Holmgren, K., Datsenko, N. M., and Karlén, W.: Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data, Nature, 433, 613–617, 2005.
Moore, J. J., Hughen, K. A., Miller, G. H., and Overpeck, J. T.: Little Ice Age recorded in summer temperature reconstruction from varved sediments of Donard Lake, Baffin Island, Canada, J. Paleolimnol., 25, 503–517, 2001.
Naveau, P., Ammann, C., Oh, H. S., and Guo, W.: An automatic statistical methodology to extract pulse-like forcing factors in climatic time series: Application to volcanic events, edited by: Robock, A., Volcanism and the Earth's Atmosphere, Geophysical Monograph, 139, 177–186, 2003.
Pierre, C.: The oxygen and carbon isotope distribution in the Mediterranean water masses, Mar. Geol., 153, 41–55, 1999.
Plaut, G. and Vautard, R.: Spells of low-frequency oscillations and weather regimes in the Northern Hemisphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 210–236, 1994.
Rixen, M., Beckers, J.-M., Levitus, S., Antonov, J., Boyer, T., Maillard, C., Fichaut, M., Balopoulos, E., Iona, S., Dooley, H., Garcia, M.-J., Manca, B., Giorgetti, A., Manzella, G., Mikhailov, N., Pinardi, N., Zavatarelli, M., and the Medar Consortium: The Western Mediterranean Deep Water: a proxy for climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12608, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022702, 2005.
Salzer, M. W. and Kipfmueller, K. F.: Reconstructed temperature and precipitation on a millennial timescale from tree-rings in the Southern Colorado Plateau, USA, Climatic Change, 70, 465–487, 2005.
Shackleton, N. J. and Kennett, J. P.: Palaeo-temperature history of the Cenozoic and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation: Oxygen and carbon isotope analysis in DSDP sites 277, 279 and 281, in: Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, edited by: Kennet, J. P. and Houtz, R. E., US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA, 5, 743–755, 1975.
Sicre M.-A., Hall, I. R., Mignot J., Khodri, M., Ezat, U., Truong, M.-X., Eir\'iksson, J., and Knudsen, K.-L.: Sea surface temperature variability in the subpolar Atlantic over the last two millennia, Paleoceanography, 26, PA4218, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002169, 2011.
Sleptsov, A. M. and Klimenko, V. V.: Multi-proxy reconstruction of the climate of Eastern Europe during the last 2000
yr, Izvestya of the Russian Geographical Society, 6, 45–54, 2003 (in Russian).
Takens, F.: Detecting strange attractors in turbulence. In: Dynamical Systems and Turbulence, Vol. 898 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer, Berlin, 366–381, 1981.
Tan, M., Liu T. S., Hou, J., Qin, X., Zhang, H., and Li, T.: Cyclic rapid warming on centennial-scale revealed by a 2650-year stalagmite record of warm season temperature, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1617–1620, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL017352, 2003.
Taricco, C., Alessio, S., and Vivaldo, G.: Sequence of eruptive events in the Vesuvio area recorded in shallow-water Ionian Sea sediments, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 15, 25–32, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-15-25-2008, 2008.
Taricco, C., Ghil, M., Alessio, S., and Vivaldo, G.: Two millennia of climate variability in the Central Mediterranean, Clim. Past, 5, 171–181, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-171-2009, 2009.
Taricco, C., Mancuso, S., Ljungqvist, F. C., Alessio, S., and Ghil, M.: Multispectral analysis of Northern Hemisphere temperature records over the last five millennia, Clim. Dynam., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2331-1, 2014.
Tingley, M. P., Craigmile, P. F., Haran, M., Li, B., Mannshardt, E., and Rajaratnam, B.: Piecing together the past: statistical insights into paleoclimatic reconstructions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 35, 1–22, 2012.
Vautard, R. and Ghil, M.: Singular spectrum analysis in nonlinear dynamics, with applications to paleoclimatic time series, Physica D, 35, 395–424, 1989.
Versteegh, G. J. M., de Leeuw, J. W., Taricco, C., and Romero, A.: Temperature and productivity influences on \chemU_K^{37'} and their possible relation to solar forcing of the Mediterranean winter, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 8, Q09005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GC001543, 2007.
Vivaldo, G., Taricco, C., Alessio, S., and Ghil, M: Accurate dating of Gallipoli Terrace (Ionian Sea) sediments: Historical eruptions and climate records, PAGES News, 17, 8–9, 2009.
Wilson, R., Wiles, G., D'Arrigo, R., and Zweck, C.: Cycles and shifts: 1,300
years of multi-decadal temperature variability in the Gulf of Alaska, Clim. Dynam., 28, 425–440, 2007.
Yang, B., Braeuning, A., Johnson, K. R., and Yafeng, S.: Temperature variability in the subpolar Atlantic over the last two millennia, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 38-1–38-4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014485, 2002.
