Articles | Volume 15, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
07 Jan 2019
Research article |
| 07 Jan 2019
| 07 Jan 2019
Extreme droughts and human responses to them: the Czech Lands in the pre-instrumental period
Rudolf Brázdil
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,
Czech Republic
Petr Dobrovolný
Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,
Czech Republic
Miroslav Trnka
Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,
Czech Republic
Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in
Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
Ladislava Řezníčková
Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,
Czech Republic
Lukáš Dolák
Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno,
Czech Republic
Oldřich Kotyza
Regional Museum, Litoměřice, Czech Republic
Related authors
Rudolf Brázdil, Jan Lhoták, Kateřina Chromá, and Petr Dobrovolný
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-2, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
The newly developed series of wheat, rye, barley and oats prices from Sušice (southwestern Bohemia) for the period 1725–1824 CE is used to demonstrate effects of weather, climate, socio-economic and societal factors on their fluctuations with particular attention to years with extremely high prices. Mainly cold spring temperatures and wet conditions from winter to summer were reflected in very high grain prices.
Rudolf Brázdil, Kateřina Chromá, and Pavel Zahradníček
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-217, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-217, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
The official mortality data in the Czech Republic in 1919–2022 are used to demonstrate long-term fluctuations in the number, gender and age of fatalities caused by excessive natural cold and heat, lightning, natural disasters and falls on ice or snow in relation to selected meteorological, historical and socioeconomic factors, strongly influencing changes in numbers and structure of such fatalities. Knowledge obtained is usable in risk management for the preservation of human lives.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Christian Pfister, Katrin Kleemann, Kateřina Chromá, Péter Szabó, and Piotr Olinski
Clim. Past, 19, 1863–1890, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Thirty Years' War (from 1618 to 1648 CE), an armed military conflict in Europe, brought extensive devastation to Europe. The paper analyses annual and seasonal temperature, precipitation, and drought patterns, as well as severe weather extremes, based particularly on documentary data, during this event in central Europe to demonstrate their broad impacts on human society and human responses in coincidence with weather and climate during this period of hardship.
Christian Pfister, Stefan Brönnimann, Andres Altwegg, Rudolf Brázdil, Laurent Litzenburger, Daniele Lorusso, and Thomas Pliemon
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-66, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-66, 2023
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the sugar content of wine must as an indicator of warm season temperatures since 1420. Winegrowers in Western Europe recorded it early on, as it mattered for the wine price. Their estimates agree well with measured sugar content, warm season temperatures and the frequency of large-scale weather events. Wine quality data go further back than grape harvest dates and complement them, notably in hot summers. After the warming since 1990, only good qualities were obtained.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Zahradník, Péter Szabó, Kateřina Chromá, Petr Dobrovolný, Lukáš Dolák, Miroslav Trnka, Jan Řehoř, and Silvie Suchánková
Clim. Past, 18, 2155–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Bark beetle outbreaks are important disturbances to Norway spruce forests. Their meteorological and climatological triggers are analysed for the main oubreaks over the territory of the Czech Republic based on newly created series of such outbreaks, covering the 1781–2021 CE period. The paper demonstrates the shift from windstorms as the main meteorological triggers of past outbreaks to effects of high temperatures and droughts together with windstorms in past decades.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Jiří Mikšovský, Petr Pišoft, Miroslav Trnka, Martin Možný, and Jan Balek
Clim. Past, 18, 935–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The paper deals with 520-year series (1501–2020 CE) of temperature, precipitation, and four drought indices reconstructed from documentary evidence and instrumental observations for the Czech Lands. Basic features of their fluctuations, long-term trends, and periodicities as well as attribution to changes in external forcings and climate variability modes are analysed. Representativeness of Czech reconstructions at European scale is evaluated. The paper shows extreme character of past decades.
Gerard van der Schrier, Richard P. Allan, Albert Ossó, Pedro M. Sousa, Hans Van de Vyver, Bert Van Schaeybroeck, Roberto Coscarelli, Angela A. Pasqua, Olga Petrucci, Mary Curley, Mirosław Mietus, Janusz Filipiak, Petr Štěpánek, Pavel Zahradníček, Rudolf Brázdil, Ladislava Řezníčková, Else J. M. van den Besselaar, Ricardo Trigo, and Enric Aguilar
Clim. Past, 17, 2201–2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2201-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The 1921 drought was the most severe drought to hit Europe since the start of the 20th century. Here the climatological description of the drought is coupled to an overview of its impacts, sourced from newspapers, and an analysis of its drivers. The area from Ireland to the Ukraine was affected but hardest hit was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon. The drought impacts lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting water supply and agriculture and livestock farming.
Rudolf Brázdil, Kateřina Chromá, Lukáš Dolák, Jan Řehoř, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Zahradníček, and Petr Dobrovolný
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1355–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1355-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of fatalities attributable to weather conditions in the Czech Republic during the 2000–2019 period based on our own database created from newspaper reports, on the database of the Czech Statistical Office, and on the database of the police of the Czech Republic as well as on their comparison. Despite some uncertainties, generally declining trends in the number of fatalities appear for the majority of weather variables. The structure of fatalities is described in detail.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Martin Bauch, Chantal Camenisch, Andrea Kiss, Oldřich Kotyza, Piotr Oliński, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 16, 2125–2151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies related to historical droughts in the Czech Lands showed that the summers of 1531–1540 could represent the driest summer decade of the past 500 years. To confirm this hypothesis, documentary data from central Europe were collected and presented for individual summers and complemented by maps of precipitation and drought distribution to document corresponding weather patterns and their various impacts. The main droughts occurred in 1532, 1534–1536, 1538, and particularly in 1540.
Olga Petrucci, Luigi Aceto, Cinzia Bianchi, Victoria Bigot, Rudolf Brázdil, Moshe Inbar, Abdullah Kahraman, Özgenur Kılıç, Vassiliki Kotroni, Maria Carmen Llasat, Montserrat Llasat-Botija, Michele Mercuri, Katerina Papagiannaki, Susana Pereira, Jan Řehoř, Joan Rossello Geli, Paola Salvati, Freddy Vinet, and José Luis Zêzere
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-154, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
EUFF 2020 database (EUropean Flood Fatalities-FF) contains 2483 flood fatalities (1980–2018) occurred in 8 countries. Gender, age, activity of FF and dynamics of accidents were obtained from documentary sources. 64.8 % of FF were killed by floods killing less than 10 people. Males were more numerous than females due higher proportion of them driving and working outdoors. FF 30–64 years old died traveling to home/work, driving vehicles dragged by water. Elderly people were trapped indoor by flood.
Rudolf Brázdil, Gaston R. Demarée, Andrea Kiss, Petr Dobrovolný, Kateřina Chromá, Miroslav Trnka, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Zahradníček, Danuta Limanowka, and Sylvie Jourdain
Clim. Past, 15, 1861–1884, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents analysis of the 1842 drought in Europe (except the Mediterranean) based on documentary data and instrumental records. First the meteorological background of this drought is shown (seasonal distribution of precipitation, annual variation of temperature, precipitation and drought indices, synoptic reasons) and effects of drought on water management, agriculture, and in society are described in detail with particular attention to human responses.
Rudolf Brázdil, Hubert Valášek, Kateřina Chromá, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Monika Bělínová, Adam Valík, and Pavel Zahradníček
Clim. Past, 15, 1205–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper analyses a weather diary of the Reverend Šimon Hausner from Buchlovice in south-east Moravia, Czech Republic, in the 1803–1831 period. From daily weather records, series of numbers of precipitation days, cloudiness, strong winds, fogs, and thunderstorms were created. These records were further used to interpret weighted temperature and precipitation indices. Records of Šimon Hausner represent an important contribution to the study of climate fluctuations on the central European scale.
Jiří Mikšovský, Rudolf Brázdil, Miroslav Trnka, and Petr Pišoft
Clim. Past, 15, 827–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-827-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-827-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To reveal sources of variability imprinted in central European drought records, regression and wavelet analysis were applied to 5 centuries of reconstructed data characterizing Czech climate. Mid- to long-term changes in temperature in the North Atlantic and North Pacific were identified as one of the potential sources of drought variations; transient colder and wetter episodes were linked to the effects of large volcanic eruptions.
Rudolf Brázdil, Andrea Kiss, Jürg Luterbacher, David J. Nash, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 14, 1915–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a worldwide state of the art of droughts fluctuations based on documentary data. It gives an overview of achievements related to different kinds of documentary evidence with their examples and an overview of papers presenting long-term drought chronologies over the individual continents, analysis of the most outstanding drought events, the influence of external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, and human impacts and responses. It recommends future research directions.
Petr Dobrovolný, Rudolf Brázdil, Miroslav Trnka, Michal Rybníček, Tomáš Kolář, Martin Možný, Tomáš Kyncl, and Ulf Büntgen
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-160, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-160, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Careful selection of available moisture-sensitive proxies resulted in a new reconstruction of short-term drought over the Czech Republic during the last 500 years. It consists of a synthesis of four different proxies and its high reconstruction skill demonstrates the clear advantage of a multi-proxy approach. The new chronology of Z-index shows that central Europe experienced the most severe 30-year late spring–early summer period of drought for the last 500 years.
Chantal Camenisch, Kathrin M. Keller, Melanie Salvisberg, Benjamin Amann, Martin Bauch, Sandro Blumer, Rudolf Brázdil, Stefan Brönnimann, Ulf Büntgen, Bruce M. S. Campbell, Laura Fernández-Donado, Dominik Fleitmann, Rüdiger Glaser, Fidel González-Rouco, Martin Grosjean, Richard C. Hoffmann, Heli Huhtamaa, Fortunat Joos, Andrea Kiss, Oldřich Kotyza, Flavio Lehner, Jürg Luterbacher, Nicolas Maughan, Raphael Neukom, Theresa Novy, Kathleen Pribyl, Christoph C. Raible, Dirk Riemann, Maximilian Schuh, Philip Slavin, Johannes P. Werner, and Oliver Wetter
Clim. Past, 12, 2107–2126, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Throughout the last millennium, several cold periods occurred which affected humanity. Here, we investigate an exceptionally cold decade during the 15th century. The cold conditions challenged the food production and led to increasing food prices and a famine in parts of Europe. In contrast to periods such as the “Year Without Summer” after the eruption of Tambora, these extreme climatic conditions seem to have occurred by chance and in relation to the internal variability of the climate system.
Martin Možný, Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, and Miroslav Trnka
Clim. Past, 12, 1421–1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1421-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1421-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
April–August temperature reconstruction for the Czech Lands based on grape-harvest dates in the 1499–2012 period constitutes a further important contribution to the better understanding of long-term spatiotemporal temperature variability in central Europe and includes the very long overlap period (1801–2012) used for calibration and verification, the consistent dominance of Pinot varieties through time, and the stability of vineyard management throughout the period reconstructed.
Rudolf Brázdil, Ladislava Řezníčková, Hubert Valášek, Lukáš Dolák, and Oldřich Kotyza
Clim. Past, 12, 1361–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper deals with climatic and human impacts of the strong Tambora (Indonesia) volcanic eruption in April 1815 over the Czech Lands territory based on analysis of documentary data and instrumental records. While climatic effects were related particularly to summers 1815 and 1816 (1816 is known as "a Year Without Summer"), quite important were societal impacts represented after bad harvest by steep increase in prices and shortages of food.
P. Dobrovolný, M. Rybníček, T. Kolář, R. Brázdil, M. Trnka, and U. Büntgen
Clim. Past, 11, 1453–1466, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1453-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1453-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A new data set of 3194 oak (Quercus spp.) ring width samples collected across the Czech Republic and covering the past 1250 years was analysed. The temporal distribution of negative and positive TRW extremes occurring is regular with no indication of clustering. Negative TRW extremes coincided with above-average March-May and June-August temperature means and below-average precipitation totals. Positive extremes coincided with higher summer precipitation, while temperatures were mostly normal.
G. Benito, R. Brázdil, J. Herget, and M. J. Machado
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3517–3539, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3517-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3517-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Historical hydrology combines documentary data with hydrological methods to lengthen flow records to the past centuries. We describe the methodological evolution of historical hydrology under the influence of developments in hydraulics and statistics. Analysis of 45 case studies in Europe show that present flood magnitudes are not unusual in the context of the past, whereas flood frequency has decreased, although some rivers show a reactivation of rare floods over the last two decades.
Y. Brugnara, R. Auchmann, S. Brönnimann, R. J. Allan, I. Auer, M. Barriendos, H. Bergström, J. Bhend, R. Brázdil, G. P. Compo, R. C. Cornes, F. Dominguez-Castro, A. F. V. van Engelen, J. Filipiak, J. Holopainen, S. Jourdain, M. Kunz, J. Luterbacher, M. Maugeri, L. Mercalli, A. Moberg, C. J. Mock, G. Pichard, L. Řezníčková, G. van der Schrier, V. Slonosky, Z. Ustrnul, M. A. Valente, A. Wypych, and X. Yin
Clim. Past, 11, 1027–1047, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1027-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1027-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A data set of instrumental pressure and temperature observations for the early instrumental period (before ca. 1850) is described. This is the result of a digitisation effort involving the period immediately after the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815, combined with the collection of already available sub-daily time series. The highest data availability is therefore for the years 1815 to 1817. An analysis of pressure variability and of case studies in Europe is performed for that period.
R. Brázdil, K. Chromá, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, L. Dolák, Z. Stachoň, E. Soukalová, and P. Dobrovolný
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3873–3889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, 2014
J. Hall, B. Arheimer, M. Borga, R. Brázdil, P. Claps, A. Kiss, T. R. Kjeldsen, J. Kriaučiūnienė, Z. W. Kundzewicz, M. Lang, M. C. Llasat, N. Macdonald, N. McIntyre, L. Mediero, B. Merz, R. Merz, P. Molnar, A. Montanari, C. Neuhold, J. Parajka, R. A. P. Perdigão, L. Plavcová, M. Rogger, J. L. Salinas, E. Sauquet, C. Schär, J. Szolgay, A. Viglione, and G. Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2735–2772, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, 2014
R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, M. Trnka, O. Kotyza, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, P. Zahradníček, and P. Štěpánek
Clim. Past, 9, 1985–2002, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, 2013
Rudolf Brázdil, Jan Lhoták, Kateřina Chromá, and Petr Dobrovolný
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-2, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
The newly developed series of wheat, rye, barley and oats prices from Sušice (southwestern Bohemia) for the period 1725–1824 CE is used to demonstrate effects of weather, climate, socio-economic and societal factors on their fluctuations with particular attention to years with extremely high prices. Mainly cold spring temperatures and wet conditions from winter to summer were reflected in very high grain prices.
Rudolf Brázdil, Kateřina Chromá, and Pavel Zahradníček
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-217, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-217, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for NHESS
Short summary
Short summary
The official mortality data in the Czech Republic in 1919–2022 are used to demonstrate long-term fluctuations in the number, gender and age of fatalities caused by excessive natural cold and heat, lightning, natural disasters and falls on ice or snow in relation to selected meteorological, historical and socioeconomic factors, strongly influencing changes in numbers and structure of such fatalities. Knowledge obtained is usable in risk management for the preservation of human lives.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Christian Pfister, Katrin Kleemann, Kateřina Chromá, Péter Szabó, and Piotr Olinski
Clim. Past, 19, 1863–1890, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-1863-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The Thirty Years' War (from 1618 to 1648 CE), an armed military conflict in Europe, brought extensive devastation to Europe. The paper analyses annual and seasonal temperature, precipitation, and drought patterns, as well as severe weather extremes, based particularly on documentary data, during this event in central Europe to demonstrate their broad impacts on human society and human responses in coincidence with weather and climate during this period of hardship.
Christian Pfister, Stefan Brönnimann, Andres Altwegg, Rudolf Brázdil, Laurent Litzenburger, Daniele Lorusso, and Thomas Pliemon
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-66, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2023-66, 2023
Preprint under review for CP
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the sugar content of wine must as an indicator of warm season temperatures since 1420. Winegrowers in Western Europe recorded it early on, as it mattered for the wine price. Their estimates agree well with measured sugar content, warm season temperatures and the frequency of large-scale weather events. Wine quality data go further back than grape harvest dates and complement them, notably in hot summers. After the warming since 1990, only good qualities were obtained.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Zahradník, Péter Szabó, Kateřina Chromá, Petr Dobrovolný, Lukáš Dolák, Miroslav Trnka, Jan Řehoř, and Silvie Suchánková
Clim. Past, 18, 2155–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Bark beetle outbreaks are important disturbances to Norway spruce forests. Their meteorological and climatological triggers are analysed for the main oubreaks over the territory of the Czech Republic based on newly created series of such outbreaks, covering the 1781–2021 CE period. The paper demonstrates the shift from windstorms as the main meteorological triggers of past outbreaks to effects of high temperatures and droughts together with windstorms in past decades.
Veit Blauhut, Michael Stoelzle, Lauri Ahopelto, Manuela I. Brunner, Claudia Teutschbein, Doris E. Wendt, Vytautas Akstinas, Sigrid J. Bakke, Lucy J. Barker, Lenka Bartošová, Agrita Briede, Carmelo Cammalleri, Ksenija Cindrić Kalin, Lucia De Stefano, Miriam Fendeková, David C. Finger, Marijke Huysmans, Mirjana Ivanov, Jaak Jaagus, Jiří Jakubínský, Svitlana Krakovska, Gregor Laaha, Monika Lakatos, Kiril Manevski, Mathias Neumann Andersen, Nina Nikolova, Marzena Osuch, Pieter van Oel, Kalina Radeva, Renata J. Romanowicz, Elena Toth, Mirek Trnka, Marko Urošev, Julia Urquijo Reguera, Eric Sauquet, Aleksandra Stevkov, Lena M. Tallaksen, Iryna Trofimova, Anne F. Van Loon, Michelle T. H. van Vliet, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Niko Wanders, Micha Werner, Patrick Willems, and Nenad Živković
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2201–2217, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2201-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-2201-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Recent drought events caused enormous damage in Europe. We therefore questioned the existence and effect of current drought management strategies on the actual impacts and how drought is perceived by relevant stakeholders. Over 700 participants from 28 European countries provided insights into drought hazard and impact perception and current management strategies. The study concludes with an urgent need to collectively combat drought risk via a European macro-level drought governance approach.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Jiří Mikšovský, Petr Pišoft, Miroslav Trnka, Martin Možný, and Jan Balek
Clim. Past, 18, 935–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The paper deals with 520-year series (1501–2020 CE) of temperature, precipitation, and four drought indices reconstructed from documentary evidence and instrumental observations for the Czech Lands. Basic features of their fluctuations, long-term trends, and periodicities as well as attribution to changes in external forcings and climate variability modes are analysed. Representativeness of Czech reconstructions at European scale is evaluated. The paper shows extreme character of past decades.
Gerard van der Schrier, Richard P. Allan, Albert Ossó, Pedro M. Sousa, Hans Van de Vyver, Bert Van Schaeybroeck, Roberto Coscarelli, Angela A. Pasqua, Olga Petrucci, Mary Curley, Mirosław Mietus, Janusz Filipiak, Petr Štěpánek, Pavel Zahradníček, Rudolf Brázdil, Ladislava Řezníčková, Else J. M. van den Besselaar, Ricardo Trigo, and Enric Aguilar
Clim. Past, 17, 2201–2221, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2201-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2201-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The 1921 drought was the most severe drought to hit Europe since the start of the 20th century. Here the climatological description of the drought is coupled to an overview of its impacts, sourced from newspapers, and an analysis of its drivers. The area from Ireland to the Ukraine was affected but hardest hit was the triangle between Brussels, Paris and Lyon. The drought impacts lingered on until well into autumn and winter, affecting water supply and agriculture and livestock farming.
Michal Bíl, Pavel Raška, Lukáš Dolák, and Jan Kubeček
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2581–2596, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2581-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2581-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The online landslide database CHILDA (Czech Historical Landslide Database) summarises information about landslides which occurred in the area of Czechia (the Czech Republic). The database is freely accessible via the https://childa.cz/ website. It includes 699 records (spanning the period of 1132–1989). Overall, 55 % of all recorded landslide events occurred only within 15 years of the extreme landslide incidence.
Rudolf Brázdil, Kateřina Chromá, Lukáš Dolák, Jan Řehoř, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Zahradníček, and Petr Dobrovolný
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1355–1382, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1355-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1355-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We present an analysis of fatalities attributable to weather conditions in the Czech Republic during the 2000–2019 period based on our own database created from newspaper reports, on the database of the Czech Statistical Office, and on the database of the police of the Czech Republic as well as on their comparison. Despite some uncertainties, generally declining trends in the number of fatalities appear for the majority of weather variables. The structure of fatalities is described in detail.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Martin Bauch, Chantal Camenisch, Andrea Kiss, Oldřich Kotyza, Piotr Oliński, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 16, 2125–2151, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-2125-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies related to historical droughts in the Czech Lands showed that the summers of 1531–1540 could represent the driest summer decade of the past 500 years. To confirm this hypothesis, documentary data from central Europe were collected and presented for individual summers and complemented by maps of precipitation and drought distribution to document corresponding weather patterns and their various impacts. The main droughts occurred in 1532, 1534–1536, 1538, and particularly in 1540.
Olga Petrucci, Luigi Aceto, Cinzia Bianchi, Victoria Bigot, Rudolf Brázdil, Moshe Inbar, Abdullah Kahraman, Özgenur Kılıç, Vassiliki Kotroni, Maria Carmen Llasat, Montserrat Llasat-Botija, Michele Mercuri, Katerina Papagiannaki, Susana Pereira, Jan Řehoř, Joan Rossello Geli, Paola Salvati, Freddy Vinet, and José Luis Zêzere
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-154, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-154, 2020
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
EUFF 2020 database (EUropean Flood Fatalities-FF) contains 2483 flood fatalities (1980–2018) occurred in 8 countries. Gender, age, activity of FF and dynamics of accidents were obtained from documentary sources. 64.8 % of FF were killed by floods killing less than 10 people. Males were more numerous than females due higher proportion of them driving and working outdoors. FF 30–64 years old died traveling to home/work, driving vehicles dragged by water. Elderly people were trapped indoor by flood.
Rudolf Brázdil, Gaston R. Demarée, Andrea Kiss, Petr Dobrovolný, Kateřina Chromá, Miroslav Trnka, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Zahradníček, Danuta Limanowka, and Sylvie Jourdain
Clim. Past, 15, 1861–1884, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1861-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents analysis of the 1842 drought in Europe (except the Mediterranean) based on documentary data and instrumental records. First the meteorological background of this drought is shown (seasonal distribution of precipitation, annual variation of temperature, precipitation and drought indices, synoptic reasons) and effects of drought on water management, agriculture, and in society are described in detail with particular attention to human responses.
Rudolf Brázdil, Hubert Valášek, Kateřina Chromá, Lukáš Dolák, Ladislava Řezníčková, Monika Bělínová, Adam Valík, and Pavel Zahradníček
Clim. Past, 15, 1205–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1205-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The paper analyses a weather diary of the Reverend Šimon Hausner from Buchlovice in south-east Moravia, Czech Republic, in the 1803–1831 period. From daily weather records, series of numbers of precipitation days, cloudiness, strong winds, fogs, and thunderstorms were created. These records were further used to interpret weighted temperature and precipitation indices. Records of Šimon Hausner represent an important contribution to the study of climate fluctuations on the central European scale.
Jiří Mikšovský, Rudolf Brázdil, Miroslav Trnka, and Petr Pišoft
Clim. Past, 15, 827–847, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-827-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-827-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To reveal sources of variability imprinted in central European drought records, regression and wavelet analysis were applied to 5 centuries of reconstructed data characterizing Czech climate. Mid- to long-term changes in temperature in the North Atlantic and North Pacific were identified as one of the potential sources of drought variations; transient colder and wetter episodes were linked to the effects of large volcanic eruptions.
Rudolf Brázdil, Andrea Kiss, Jürg Luterbacher, David J. Nash, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 14, 1915–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a worldwide state of the art of droughts fluctuations based on documentary data. It gives an overview of achievements related to different kinds of documentary evidence with their examples and an overview of papers presenting long-term drought chronologies over the individual continents, analysis of the most outstanding drought events, the influence of external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, and human impacts and responses. It recommends future research directions.
Petr Dobrovolný, Rudolf Brázdil, Miroslav Trnka, Michal Rybníček, Tomáš Kolář, Martin Možný, Tomáš Kyncl, and Ulf Büntgen
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-160, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2018-160, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Careful selection of available moisture-sensitive proxies resulted in a new reconstruction of short-term drought over the Czech Republic during the last 500 years. It consists of a synthesis of four different proxies and its high reconstruction skill demonstrates the clear advantage of a multi-proxy approach. The new chronology of Z-index shows that central Europe experienced the most severe 30-year late spring–early summer period of drought for the last 500 years.
Chantal Camenisch, Kathrin M. Keller, Melanie Salvisberg, Benjamin Amann, Martin Bauch, Sandro Blumer, Rudolf Brázdil, Stefan Brönnimann, Ulf Büntgen, Bruce M. S. Campbell, Laura Fernández-Donado, Dominik Fleitmann, Rüdiger Glaser, Fidel González-Rouco, Martin Grosjean, Richard C. Hoffmann, Heli Huhtamaa, Fortunat Joos, Andrea Kiss, Oldřich Kotyza, Flavio Lehner, Jürg Luterbacher, Nicolas Maughan, Raphael Neukom, Theresa Novy, Kathleen Pribyl, Christoph C. Raible, Dirk Riemann, Maximilian Schuh, Philip Slavin, Johannes P. Werner, and Oliver Wetter
Clim. Past, 12, 2107–2126, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-2107-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Throughout the last millennium, several cold periods occurred which affected humanity. Here, we investigate an exceptionally cold decade during the 15th century. The cold conditions challenged the food production and led to increasing food prices and a famine in parts of Europe. In contrast to periods such as the “Year Without Summer” after the eruption of Tambora, these extreme climatic conditions seem to have occurred by chance and in relation to the internal variability of the climate system.
Martin Možný, Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, and Miroslav Trnka
Clim. Past, 12, 1421–1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1421-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1421-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
April–August temperature reconstruction for the Czech Lands based on grape-harvest dates in the 1499–2012 period constitutes a further important contribution to the better understanding of long-term spatiotemporal temperature variability in central Europe and includes the very long overlap period (1801–2012) used for calibration and verification, the consistent dominance of Pinot varieties through time, and the stability of vineyard management throughout the period reconstructed.
Rudolf Brázdil, Ladislava Řezníčková, Hubert Valášek, Lukáš Dolák, and Oldřich Kotyza
Clim. Past, 12, 1361–1374, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1361-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper deals with climatic and human impacts of the strong Tambora (Indonesia) volcanic eruption in April 1815 over the Czech Lands territory based on analysis of documentary data and instrumental records. While climatic effects were related particularly to summers 1815 and 1816 (1816 is known as "a Year Without Summer"), quite important were societal impacts represented after bad harvest by steep increase in prices and shortages of food.
P. Dobrovolný, M. Rybníček, T. Kolář, R. Brázdil, M. Trnka, and U. Büntgen
Clim. Past, 11, 1453–1466, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1453-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1453-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A new data set of 3194 oak (Quercus spp.) ring width samples collected across the Czech Republic and covering the past 1250 years was analysed. The temporal distribution of negative and positive TRW extremes occurring is regular with no indication of clustering. Negative TRW extremes coincided with above-average March-May and June-August temperature means and below-average precipitation totals. Positive extremes coincided with higher summer precipitation, while temperatures were mostly normal.
G. Benito, R. Brázdil, J. Herget, and M. J. Machado
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3517–3539, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3517-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3517-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Historical hydrology combines documentary data with hydrological methods to lengthen flow records to the past centuries. We describe the methodological evolution of historical hydrology under the influence of developments in hydraulics and statistics. Analysis of 45 case studies in Europe show that present flood magnitudes are not unusual in the context of the past, whereas flood frequency has decreased, although some rivers show a reactivation of rare floods over the last two decades.
Y. Brugnara, R. Auchmann, S. Brönnimann, R. J. Allan, I. Auer, M. Barriendos, H. Bergström, J. Bhend, R. Brázdil, G. P. Compo, R. C. Cornes, F. Dominguez-Castro, A. F. V. van Engelen, J. Filipiak, J. Holopainen, S. Jourdain, M. Kunz, J. Luterbacher, M. Maugeri, L. Mercalli, A. Moberg, C. J. Mock, G. Pichard, L. Řezníčková, G. van der Schrier, V. Slonosky, Z. Ustrnul, M. A. Valente, A. Wypych, and X. Yin
Clim. Past, 11, 1027–1047, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1027-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1027-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
A data set of instrumental pressure and temperature observations for the early instrumental period (before ca. 1850) is described. This is the result of a digitisation effort involving the period immediately after the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815, combined with the collection of already available sub-daily time series. The highest data availability is therefore for the years 1815 to 1817. An analysis of pressure variability and of case studies in Europe is performed for that period.
R. Brázdil, K. Chromá, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, L. Dolák, Z. Stachoň, E. Soukalová, and P. Dobrovolný
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3873–3889, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3873-2014, 2014
J. Hall, B. Arheimer, M. Borga, R. Brázdil, P. Claps, A. Kiss, T. R. Kjeldsen, J. Kriaučiūnienė, Z. W. Kundzewicz, M. Lang, M. C. Llasat, N. Macdonald, N. McIntyre, L. Mediero, B. Merz, R. Merz, P. Molnar, A. Montanari, C. Neuhold, J. Parajka, R. A. P. Perdigão, L. Plavcová, M. Rogger, J. L. Salinas, E. Sauquet, C. Schär, J. Szolgay, A. Viglione, and G. Blöschl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2735–2772, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2735-2014, 2014
R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, M. Trnka, O. Kotyza, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, P. Zahradníček, and P. Štěpánek
Clim. Past, 9, 1985–2002, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Proxy Use-Development-Validation | Archive: Historical Records | Timescale: Centennial-Decadal
Climate and disease in historical urban space: evidence from 19th century Poznań, Poland
Effects of weather and climate on fluctuations of grain prices in southwestern Bohemia, 1725–1824 CE
Climatic signatures in early modern European grain harvest yields
Pre-industrial temperature variability on the Swiss Plateau derived from the instrumental daily series of Bern and Zurich
Is it possible to estimate aerosol optical depth from historic colour paintings?
Meteorological and climatological triggers of notable past and present bark beetle outbreaks in the Czech Republic
Quantifying and reducing researcher subjectivity in the generation of climate indices from documentary sources
Documentary-based climate reconstructions in the Czech Lands 1501–2020 CE and their European context
Controlling water infrastructure and codifying water knowledge: institutional responses to severe drought in Barcelona (1620–1650)
Reassessing long-term drought risk and societal impacts in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, north-east China (1200–2015)
Climate records in ancient Chinese diaries and their application in historical climate reconstruction – a case study of Yunshan Diary
Reconstructions of droughts in Germany since 1500 – combining hermeneutic information and instrumental records in historical and modern perspectives
A survey of the impact of summer droughts in southern and eastern England, 1200–1700
A 424-year tree-ring-based Palmer Drought Severity Index reconstruction of Cedrus deodara D. Don from the Hindu Kush range of Pakistan: linkages to ocean oscillations
Droughts in the area of Poland in recent centuries in the light of multi-proxy data
Rogation ceremonies: a key to understanding past drought variability in northeastern Spain since 1650
The longest homogeneous series of grape harvest dates, Beaune 1354–2018, and its significance for the understanding of past and present climate
The weather behind words – new methodologies for integrated hydrometeorological reconstruction through documentary sources
Documentary data and the study of past droughts: a global state of the art
A 414-year tree-ring-based April–July minimum temperature reconstruction and its implications for the extreme climate events, northeast China
Streamflow variability over the 1881–2011 period in northern Québec: comparison of hydrological reconstructions based on tree rings and geopotential height field reanalysis
Temperature changes derived from phenological and natural evidence in South Central China from 1850 to 2008
Droughts in the Czech Lands, 1090–2012 AD
Temperature changes over the past 2000 yr in China and comparison with the Northern Hemisphere
Multi-periodic climate dynamics: spectral analysis of long-term instrumental and proxy temperature records
An open-access database of grape harvest dates for climate research: data description and quality assessment
Winter temperature variations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River since 1736 AD
Assessing extreme droughts in Spain during 1750–1850 from rogation ceremonies
Continental atmospheric circulation over Europe during the Little Ice Age inferred from grape harvest dates
Hydrometeorological extremes derived from taxation records for south-eastern Moravia, Czech Republic, 1751–1900 AD
A shift in the spatial pattern of Iberian droughts during the 17th century
Grażyna Liczbińska, Jörg Peter Vögele, and Marek Brabec
Clim. Past, 20, 137–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-137-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-137-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study examines the relationship between temperature and precipitation as explanatory variables for the probability of death due to waterborne and airborne diseases in historical urban space. The lagged effects of temperature and precipitation on waterborne and airborne diseases were significant, except for the smooth lagged average monthly temperature effect for the latter. There was also significant spatial heterogeneity in the prevalence of deaths due to waterborne and airborne diseases.
Rudolf Brázdil, Jan Lhoták, Kateřina Chromá, and Petr Dobrovolný
Clim. Past Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-2, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2024-2, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for CP
Short summary
Short summary
The newly developed series of wheat, rye, barley and oats prices from Sušice (southwestern Bohemia) for the period 1725–1824 CE is used to demonstrate effects of weather, climate, socio-economic and societal factors on their fluctuations with particular attention to years with extremely high prices. Mainly cold spring temperatures and wet conditions from winter to summer were reflected in very high grain prices.
Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Bo Christiansen, Jan Esper, Heli Huhtamaa, Lotta Leijonhufvud, Christian Pfister, Andrea Seim, Martin Karl Skoglund, and Peter Thejll
Clim. Past, 19, 2463–2491, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2463-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2463-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We study the climate signal in long harvest series from across Europe between the 16th and 18th centuries. The climate–harvest yield relationship is found to be relatively weak but regionally consistent and similar in strength and sign to modern climate–harvest yield relationships. The strongest climate–harvest yield patterns are a significant summer soil moisture signal in Sweden, a winter temperature and precipitation signal in Switzerland, and spring temperature signals in Spain.
Yuri Brugnara, Chantal Hari, Lucas Pfister, Veronika Valler, and Stefan Brönnimann
Clim. Past, 18, 2357–2379, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2357-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2357-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We digitized dozens of weather journals containing temperature measurements from in and around Bern and Zurich. They cover over a century before the creation of a national weather service in Switzerland. With these data we could create daily temperature series for the two cities that span the last 265 years. We found that the pre-industrial climate on the Swiss Plateau was colder than suggested by previously available instrumental data sets and about 2.5 °C colder than the present-day climate.
Christian von Savigny, Anna Lange, Anne Hemkendreis, Christoph G. Hoffmann, and Alexei Rozanov
Clim. Past, 18, 2345–2356, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2345-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2345-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the possibility of inferring information on aerosol optical depth from photographs of historic paintings. The idea – which has been applied in previous studies – is very interesting because it would provide an archive of the atmospheric aerosol loading covering many centuries. We show that twilight colours depend not only on the aerosol optical thickness, but also on several other parameters, making a quantitative estimate of aerosol optical depth very difficult.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Zahradník, Péter Szabó, Kateřina Chromá, Petr Dobrovolný, Lukáš Dolák, Miroslav Trnka, Jan Řehoř, and Silvie Suchánková
Clim. Past, 18, 2155–2180, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-2155-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Bark beetle outbreaks are important disturbances to Norway spruce forests. Their meteorological and climatological triggers are analysed for the main oubreaks over the territory of the Czech Republic based on newly created series of such outbreaks, covering the 1781–2021 CE period. The paper demonstrates the shift from windstorms as the main meteorological triggers of past outbreaks to effects of high temperatures and droughts together with windstorms in past decades.
George C. D. Adamson, David J. Nash, and Stefan W. Grab
Clim. Past, 18, 1071–1081, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1071-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1071-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Descriptions of climate held in archives are a valuable source of past climate variability, but there is a large potential for error in assigning quantitative indices (e.g. −2, v. dry to +2, v. wet) to descriptive data. This is the first study to examine this uncertainty. We gave the same dataset to 71 postgraduate students and 6 professional scientists, findings that error can be minimized by taking an average of indices developed by eight postgraduates and only two professional climatologists.
Rudolf Brázdil, Petr Dobrovolný, Jiří Mikšovský, Petr Pišoft, Miroslav Trnka, Martin Možný, and Jan Balek
Clim. Past, 18, 935–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-935-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The paper deals with 520-year series (1501–2020 CE) of temperature, precipitation, and four drought indices reconstructed from documentary evidence and instrumental observations for the Czech Lands. Basic features of their fluctuations, long-term trends, and periodicities as well as attribution to changes in external forcings and climate variability modes are analysed. Representativeness of Czech reconstructions at European scale is evaluated. The paper shows extreme character of past decades.
Santiago Gorostiza, Maria Antònia Martí Escayol, and Mariano Barriendos
Clim. Past, 17, 913–927, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-913-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-913-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
How did cities respond to drought during the 17th century? This article studies the strategies followed by the city government of Barcelona during the severely dry period from 1620 to 1650. Beyond the efforts to expand urban water supply sources and to improve the maintenance of the system, the city government decided to compile knowledge about water infrastructure into a book and to restrict access to it. This management strategy aimed to increase the city's control over water.
LingYun Tang, Neil Macdonald, Heather Sangster, Richard Chiverrell, and Rachel Gaulton
Clim. Past, 16, 1917–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1917-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1917-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A historical drought series (since 1200 CE) for Shenyang, NE China, shows 20th century droughts comparable in magnitude to recent severe droughts. Drought resilience driven by early 20th century societal/cultural changes reduced loss of life compared with the 1887 and 1891 droughts. A longer temporal analysis from integrated precipitation and historical records shows an earlier onset to droughts. Regional standardised precipitation indices could provide early warnings for drought development.
Siying Chen, Yun Su, Xiuqi Fang, and Jia He
Clim. Past, 16, 1873–1887, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1873-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1873-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Private diaries are important sources of historical data for research on climate change. Through a case study of Yunshan Diary, authored by Bi Guo of the Yuan dynasty of China, this article demonstrates how to delve into climate information in ancient diaries, mainly including species distribution records, phenological records and daily weather descriptions. This article considers how to use these records to reconstruct climate change and extreme climatic events on various timescales.
Rüdiger Glaser and Michael Kahle
Clim. Past, 16, 1207–1222, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1207-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1207-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new study on droughts in Germany since 1500 reveals the long-term trend of single extreme events, as well as drier periods. Extreme droughts appeared in 1540, 1590, 1615, 1706, 1834, 1893, 1921, 1949 and 2018. Like today, droughts had manifold impacts such as harvest failures, water deficits, low water levels and forest fires. This had different societal consequences ranging from famine, disease, rising prices, migration and riots leading to subsidies and discussions on climate change.
Kathleen Pribyl
Clim. Past, 16, 1027–1041, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1027-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1027-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Droughts pose a climatic hazard that can have a profound impacts on past societies. Using documentary sources, this paper studies the occurrence and impacts of spring–summer droughts in pre-industrial England from 1200 to 1700. The impacts most relevant to human livelihood, including the agricultural and pastoral sectors of agrarian production, and public health are evaluated.
Sarir Ahmad, Liangjun Zhu, Sumaira Yasmeen, Yuandong Zhang, Zongshan Li, Sami Ullah, Shijie Han, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 16, 783–798, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-783-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-783-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study provides the opportunity to extend climatic records to preindustrial periods in northern Pakistan. The reconstructed March–August PDSIs for the past 424 years, going back to 1593 CE, enable scientists to know how these areas were prone to climatic extremes in the past. The instrumental data are limited in Pakistan; however, the Cedrus deodara tree that preserves physical characteristics of past climatic variabilities can provide insight into the trend of climatic changes.
Rajmund Przybylak, Piotr Oliński, Marcin Koprowski, Janusz Filipiak, Aleksandra Pospieszyńska, Waldemar Chorążyczewski, Radosław Puchałka, and Henryk Paweł Dąbrowski
Clim. Past, 16, 627–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-627-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the main features of droughts in Poland in the period 996–2015 based on proxy data (documentary and dendrochronological) and instrumental measurements of precipitation. More than 100 droughts were found in documentary sources from the mid-15th century to the end of the 18th century with a maximum in the second halves of the 17th and, particularly, the 18th century. The long-term frequency of droughts in Poland has been stable for the last two or three centuries.
Ernesto Tejedor, Martín de Luis, Mariano Barriendos, José María Cuadrat, Jürg Luterbacher, and Miguel Ángel Saz
Clim. Past, 15, 1647–1664, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new dataset of historical documents by compiling records (rogation ceremonies) from 13 cities in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula (IP). These records were transformed into quantitative continuous data to develop drought indices (DIs). We regionalized them by creating three DIs (Ebro Valle, Mediterranean, and Mountain), which cover the period from 1650 to 1899 CE. We identified extreme drought years and periods which help to understand climate variability in the IP.
Thomas Labbé, Christian Pfister, Stefan Brönnimann, Daniel Rousseau, Jörg Franke, and Benjamin Bois
Clim. Past, 15, 1485–1501, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1485-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1485-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we present the longest grape harvest date (GHD) record reconstructed to date, i.e. Beaune (France, Burgundy) 1354–2018. Drawing on unedited archive material, the series is validated using the long Paris temperature series that goes back to 1658 and was used to assess April-to-July temperatures from 1354 to 2018. The distribution of extremely early GHD is uneven over the 664-year-long period of the series and mirrors the rapid global warming from 1988 to 2018.
Salvador Gil-Guirado, Juan José Gómez-Navarro, and Juan Pedro Montávez
Clim. Past, 15, 1303–1325, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-15-1303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The historical climatology has remarkable research potentialities. However, historical climatology has some methodological limitations. This study presents a new methodology (COST) that allows us to perform climate reconstructions with monthly resolution. The variability of the climatic series obtained are coherent with previous studies. The new proposed method is objective and is not affected by social changes, which allows us to perform studies in regions with different languages and cultures.
Rudolf Brázdil, Andrea Kiss, Jürg Luterbacher, David J. Nash, and Ladislava Řezníčková
Clim. Past, 14, 1915–1960, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1915-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents a worldwide state of the art of droughts fluctuations based on documentary data. It gives an overview of achievements related to different kinds of documentary evidence with their examples and an overview of papers presenting long-term drought chronologies over the individual continents, analysis of the most outstanding drought events, the influence of external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, and human impacts and responses. It recommends future research directions.
Shanna Lyu, Zongshan Li, Yuandong Zhang, and Xiaochun Wang
Clim. Past, 12, 1879–1888, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1879-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1879-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents a 414-year growing season minimum temperature reconstruction based on Korean pine tree-ring series at Laobai Mountain, northeast China. It developed a more than 400-year climate record in this area for the first time. This reconstruction showed six cold periods, seven warm periods, and natural disaster records of extreme climate events.
Pierre Brigode, François Brissette, Antoine Nicault, Luc Perreault, Anna Kuentz, Thibault Mathevet, and Joël Gailhard
Clim. Past, 12, 1785–1804, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1785-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1785-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we apply a new hydro-climatic reconstruction method on the Caniapiscau Reservoir (Canada), compare the obtained streamflow time series against time series derived from dendrohydrology by other authors on the same catchment, and study the natural streamflow variability over the 1881–2011 period. This new reconstruction is based on a historical reanalysis of global geopotential height fields and aims to produce daily streamflow time series (using a rainfall–runoff model).
J. Zheng, Z. Hua, Y. Liu, and Z. Hao
Clim. Past, 11, 1553–1561, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1553-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1553-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper we reconstruct the annual temperature anomalies in South Central China from 1850 to 2008, using phenodates of plants, snowfall days, and five tree-ring width chronologies. It is found that rapid warming has occurred since the 1990s, with an abrupt change around 1997, leading to unprecedented variability in warming; a cold interval dominated the 1860s, 1890s, and 1950s; warm decades occurred around 1850, 1870, and 1960; and the warmest decades were the 1990s–2000s.
R. Brázdil, P. Dobrovolný, M. Trnka, O. Kotyza, L. Řezníčková, H. Valášek, P. Zahradníček, and P. Štěpánek
Clim. Past, 9, 1985–2002, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013, 2013
Q. Ge, Z. Hao, J. Zheng, and X. Shao
Clim. Past, 9, 1153–1160, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1153-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1153-2013, 2013
H.-J. Lüdecke, A. Hempelmann, and C. O. Weiss
Clim. Past, 9, 447–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-447-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-447-2013, 2013
V. Daux, I. Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, P. Yiou, I. Chuine, E. Garnier, E. Le Roy Ladurie, O. Mestre, and J. Tardaguila
Clim. Past, 8, 1403–1418, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1403-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1403-2012, 2012
Z.-X. Hao, J.-Y. Zheng, Q.-S. Ge, and W.-C. Wang
Clim. Past, 8, 1023–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1023-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-1023-2012, 2012
F. Domínguez-Castro, P. Ribera, R. García-Herrera, J. M. Vaquero, M. Barriendos, J. M. Cuadrat, and J. M. Moreno
Clim. Past, 8, 705–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-705-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-705-2012, 2012
P. Yiou, I. García de Cortázar-Atauri, I. Chuine, V. Daux, E. Garnier, N. Viovy, C. van Leeuwen, A. K. Parker, and J.-M. Boursiquot
Clim. Past, 8, 577–588, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-577-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-577-2012, 2012
R. Brázdil, K. Chromá, H. Valášek, and L. Dolák
Clim. Past, 8, 467–481, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-467-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-467-2012, 2012
F. Domínguez-Castro, R. García-Herrera, P. Ribera, and M. Barriendos
Clim. Past, 6, 553–563, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-553-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-6-553-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Adámek, K. V.: Paměti Karla Josefa Vody (The Memoirs of Karel Josef
Voda), in: Zprávy Musea okresu hlineckého IV, Nákladem Musea
okresu Hlineckého, Německý Brod, 76–87, 1917.
Adamová, K. and Lojek, A.: Ohňové patenty
(protipožární opatření Marie Terezie a Josefa II.)
(Fire edicts – anti-fire measures taken by Maria Theresa and Joseph II), in:
Pocta Eduardovi Vlčkovi k 70. narozeninám, Univerzita Palackého
v Olomouci, Olomouc, 9–13, 2010.
Bachmann, J.: Aufzeichnungen eines Alt-Leitmeritzers, Mitteilungen des
Vereines für Geschichte der Deutschen in Böhmen, 50, 107–131, 1911.
Bauernfeind, W. and Woitek, U.: The influence of climatic change on price
fluctuations in Germany during the 16th century price revolution, Clim.
Change, 43, 303–321, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005502518695, 1999.
Bervic, R. and Kocourková, K.: Krupka. Půl tisíciletí
horního města (Krupka. Half a Millennium of a Mining Town), Vydal
Měst NV v Krupce, Krupka, 1978.
Blauhut, V., Stahl, K., Stagge, J. H., Tallaksen, L. M., De Stefano, L., and
Vogt, J.: Estimating drought risk across Europe from reported drought
impacts, drought indices, and vulnerability factors, Hydrol. Earth Syst.
Sci., 20, 2779–2800, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2779-2016, 2016.
Brázdil, R., Bělínová, M., Dobrovolný, P.,
Mikšovský, J., Pišoft, P., Řezníčková, L.,
Štěpánek, P., Valášek, H., and Zahradníček, P.:
Temperature and Precipitation Fluctuations in the Czech Lands During the
Instrumental Period, Masaryk University, Brno, 2012a.
Brázdil, R., Chromá, K., Valášek, H., and Dolák, L.:
Hydrometeorological extremes derived from taxation records for south-eastern
Moravia, Czech Republic, 1751–1900 AD, Clim. Past, 8, 467–481,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-8-467-2012, 2012b.
Brázdil, R., Černušák, T., and Řezníčková,
L.: The Weather and Climate in the Region of Olomouc, Czech Republic, Based
on Premonstratensian Diaries Kept by the Hradisko Monastery and Svatý
Kopeček Priory, 1693–1783, Masaryk University, Brno, 2011.
Brázdil, R., Dobrovolný, P., Luterbacher, J., Moberg, A., Pfister,
C., Wheeler, D., and Zorita, E.: European climate of the past 500 years: new
challenges for historical climatology, Clim. Change, 101, 7–40,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9783-z, 2010.
Brázdil, R., Dobrovolný, P., Trnka, M., Büntgen, U.,
Řezníčková, L., Kotyza, O., Valášek, H., and
Štěpánek, P.: Documentary and instrumental-based drought indices
for the Czech Lands back to AD 1501, Clim. Res., 70, 103–117,
https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01380, 2016a.
Brázdil, R., Dobrovolný, P., Trnka, M., Kotyza, O.,
Řezníčková, L., Valášek, H.,
Zahradníček, P., and Štěpánek, P.: Droughts in the Czech
Lands, 1090–2012 AD, Clim. Past, 9, 1985–2002, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1985-2013,
2013.
Brázdil, R. and Durďáková, M: The effect of weather factors
on fluctuations of grain prices in the Czech Lands in the 16th–18th
centuries, Prace Geograficzne, 108, 19–25, 2000.
Brázdil, R., Kiss, A., Luterbacher, J., Nash, D., and
Řezníčková, L.: Documentary data and the study of past
droughts: a global state of the art, Clim. Past, 14, 1915–1960,
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-14-1-2018, 2018.
Brázdil, R. and Kotyza, O.: History of Weather and Climate in the Czech
Lands I, Period 1000–1500, Zürcher Geographische Schriften 62, ETH
Zürich, Zürich, 1995.
Brázdil, R. and Kotyza, O.: History of Weather and Climate in the Czech
Lands II, The Earliest Daily Observations of the Weather in the Czech Lands,
Masaryk University, Brno, 1996.
Brázdil, R. and Kotyza, O.: History of Weather and Climate in the Czech
Lands III, The Earliest Daily Observations of the Weather in the Czech Lands
II, Masaryk University, Brno, 1999.
Brázdil, R. and Kotyza, O.: Meteorologické záznamy děkana
Bartoloměje Michala Zelenky z Čech z let 1680–1682, 1691–1694 a
1698–1704 (The meteorological records of Dean Bartoloměj Michal Zelenka
from Bohemia in the years 1680–1682, 1691–1694 and 1698–1704), Meteorol.
Zpr., 54, 145–155, 2001.
Brázdil, R. and Kotyza, O.: Meteorologické záznamy Pavla Korky z
Korkyně ve světle dobových informací o počasí a
příbuzných jevech z českých zemí (The
meteorological records of Pavel Korka of Korkyně in the light of
contemporary information about the weather and related phenomena from the
Czech Lands), in: Paměti Pavla Korky z Korkyně. Zápisky
křesťanského rytíře z počátku novověku,
Jihočeská univerzita v Českých Budějovicích, edited
by: Vybíral, Z., Historický ústav Filozofické fakulty,
262–291, 2014.
Brázdil, R., Pfister, C., Wanner, H., von Storch, H., and Luterbacher,
J.: Historical climatology in Europe – the state of the art, Clim. Change,
70, 363–430, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-5924-1, 2005.
Brázdil, R., Raška, P., Trnka, M., Zahradníček, P.,
Valášek, H., Dobrovolný, P., Řezníčková, L.,
Treml, P., and Stachoň, Z.: The Central European drought of 1947: causes
and consequences, with particular reference to the Czech Lands, Clim. Res.,
70, 161–178, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01387, 2016b.
Brázdil, R., Řezníčková, L., Valášek, H., Kiss,
A., and Kotyza, O.: Past locust outbreaks in the Czech Lands: do they
indicate particular climatic patterns?, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 116,
343–357, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0950-9, 2014.
Brázdil, R., Štěpánková, P., Kyncl, T., and Kyncl, J.:
Fir tree-ring reconstruction of March–July precipitation in southern Moravia
(Czech Republic), 1376–1996, Clim. Res., 20, 223–239,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-010-0381-9, 2002.
Brázdil, R. and Trnka, M. (Eds.): Sucho v českých zemích:
minulost, současnost, budoucnost (Droughts in the Czech Lands:
Past, Present and Future), Centrum výzkumu globální změny
Akademie věd České republiky, v.v.i., Brno, 2015.
Brázdil, R. and Valášek, H.: Počasí v Brně a
okolí v letech 1767–1790 podle záznamů Jana Nepomuka,
svobodného pána Hausperského z Fanálu (The weather in Brno
and surroundings in 1767–1790 according to the records of Jan Nepomuk, Baron
Hausperský of Fanál), in: Brno v minulosti a dnes. Sborník
příspěvků k dějinám a výstavbě Brna XVII,
Magistrát města Brna, Archiv města Brna, Brno, 399–443, 2003.
Brázdil, R., Valášek, H., and Kotyza, O.: Meteorological records
of Michel Stüeler of Krupka and their contribution to the knowledge of
the climate of the Czech Lands in 1629–1649, in: Czech Geography at the Down
of the Millenium, edited by: Drbohlav, D., Kalvoda, J., and
Voženílek, V., Palacky University, Olomouc, 95–112, 2004.
Brázdil, R., Valášek, H., Luterbacher, J., and Macková, J.:
Die Hungerjahre 1770–1772 in den böhmischen Ländern. Verlauf,
meteorologische Ursachen und Auswirkungen, Österreichische Zeitschrift
für Geschichtswissenschaften, 12, 44–78, 2001.
Bretholz, B.: Die Chronik der Böhmen des Cosmas von Prag, Weidmann, MGH
SRG NS II, Berlin, 1923.
Büntgen, U., Tegel, W., Career, M., Krusic, P. J., Hayes, M., and Esper,
J.: Commentary to Wetter et al. (2014): Limited tree-ring evidence for a 1540
European “Megadrought”, Clim. Change, 131, 183–190,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1423-1, 2015.
Coles, S.: An Introduction to Statistical Modelling of Extreme Values,
Springer Series in Statistics, Springer Verlag, London, 2001.
Cook, B. I., Anchukaitis, K. J., Touchan, R., Meko, D. M., and Cook, E. R.:
Spatiotemporal drought variability in the Mediterranean over the last
900 years, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 121, 2060–2074,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023929, 2016.
Cook, E. R., Anchukaitis, K. J., Buckley, B. M., D'Arrigo, R. D., Jacoby, G.
C., and Wright, W. E.: Asian monsoon failure and megadrought during the last
millennium, Science, 328, 486–489, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185188, 2010a.
Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Heim, R. R. J., Vose, R. S., Herweijer, C., and
Woodhouse, C.: Megadroughts in North America: Placing IPCC projections of
hydroclimatic change in a long-term palaeoclimate context, J. Quaternary
Sci., 25, 48–61, https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1303, 2010b.
Cook, E. R., Seager, R., Kushnir, Y., Briffa, K. R., Büntgen, U., Frank,
D., Krusic, P. J., Tegel, W., van der Schrier, G., Andreu-Heyles, L., Bailie,
M., Baittinger, C., Bleicher, N., Bonde, N., Brown, D., Carrer, M., Cooper,
R., Čufar, K., Dittmar, C., Esper, J., Griggs, C., Gunnarson, B.,
Günther, B., Gutierrez, E., Haneca, K., Helama, S., Herzig, F., Heussner,
K.-U., Hofmann, J., Janda, P., Kontic, R., Köse, N., Kyncl, T.,
Levanič, T., Linderholm, H., Manning, S., Melvin, T. M., Miles, D.,
Neuwirth, B., Nicolussi, K., Nola, P., Panayotov, M., Popa, I., Rothe, A.,
Seftigen, K., Seim, A., Svarva, H., Svoboda, M., Thun, T., Timonen, M.,
Touchan, R., Trotsiuk, V., Trouet, V., Walder, F., Ważny, T., Wilson, R.,
and Zang, C.: Old World megadroughts and pluvials during the Common Era, Sci.
Adv., 1, e150061, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500561, 2015.
Dai, A.: Increasing drought under global warming in observations and models,
Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 52–58, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1633, 2013.
d'Elvert, C.: Chronik der königlichen Stadt Iglau (1402–1617) vom
Iglauer Stadtschreiber Martin Leupold von Löwenthal, Quellen-Schriften
zur Geschichte Mährens und Österr.-Schlesiens, 1. Sektion: Chroniken
u. dgl. Theil 1, Mährische und schlesische Chroniken, In Commission der
Buchhandlung A. Nitsch, Brünn, 1861.
Diodato, N. and Bellocchi, G.: Historical perspective of drought response in
central-southern Italy, Clim. Res., 49, 189–200, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01020, 2011.
Dobrovolný, P., Brázdil, R., Trnka, M., Kotyza, O., and
Valášek, H.: Precipitation reconstruction for the Czech Lands,
AD 1501–2010, Int. J. Climatol., 35, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3957, 2015.
Dobrovolný, P., Moberg, A., Brázdil, R., Pfister, C., Glaser, R.,
Wilson, R., van Engelen, A., Limanówka, D., Kiss, A.,
Halíčková, M., Macková, J., Riemann, D., Luterbacher, J.,
and Böhm, R.: Monthly and seasonal temperature reconstructions for
Central Europe derived from documentary evidence and instrumental records
since AD 1500, Clim. Change, 101, 69–107, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9724-x,
2010.
Dobrovolný, P., Rybníček, M., Kolář, T., Brázdil,
R., Trnka, M., and Büntgen, U.: May–July precipitation reconstruction
from oak tree-rings for Bohemia (Czech Republic) since AD 1040, Int. J.
Climatol., 38, 1910–1924, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5305, 2018.
Dodds, S. F., Burnette, D. J., and Mock, C. J.: Historical accounts of the
drought and hurricane season of 1860, in: Historical Climate Variability and
Impacts in North America, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., edited by:
Dupigny-Giroux, L.-A. and Mock, C. J., Dordrecht, Heidelberg, London, New
York, 61–77, 2009.
Dolák, L., Brázdil, R., and Valášek, H.: Hydrological and
meteorological extremes derived from taxation records: the estates of
Brtnice, Třebíč and Velké Meziříčí,
1706–1849, Hydrol. Sci. J., 58, 1620–1634,
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2013.840727, 2013.
Dolák, L., Brázdil, R., and Valášek, H.: Impacts of
hydrometeorological extremes in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands in 1706–1889
as derived from taxation records, Geografie, 120, 465–488, 2015.
Esper, J., Büntgen, U., Denzer, S., Krusic, P. J., Luterbacher, J.,
Schäfer, R., Schreg, R., and Werner, J.: Environmental drivers of
historical grain price variations in Europe, Clim. Res., 72, 39–52,
https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01449, 2017.
Esper, J., Frank, D. C., Wilson, R. J. S., and Briffa, K. R.: Effect of
scaling and regression on reconstructed temperature amplitude for the past
millennium, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L07711, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL021236, 2005.
Fialová, V.: Kronika holešovská 1615–1645 (The Chronicle of
Holešov 1615–1645), Městský národní výbor
v Holešově a Okresní archív v Holešově,
Holešov, 1967.
Fink, A. H., Brücher, T., Krüger, A., Leckebusch, G. C., Pinto, J.
G., and Ulbrich, U.: The 2003 European summer heatwaves and drought –
synoptic diagnosis and impacts, Weather, 59, 209–216, https://doi.org/10.1256/wea.73.04,
2004.
García-Ruiz, J. M., López-Moreno, J. I., Vicente-Serrano, S. M.,
Lasanta-Martínez, T., and Beguería, S.: Mediterranean water
resources in a global change scenario, Earth Sci. Rev., 105, 121–139,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.01.006, 2011.
Ge, Q., Zheng, J., Hao, Z., Liu, Y., and Li, M.: Recent advances on
reconstruction of climate and extreme events in China for the past 2000
years, J. Geogr. Sci., 26, 827–854, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-016-1301-4, 2016.
Gilleland, E. and Katz, R. W.: in2extremes: Into the R Package extremes –
Extreme Value Analysis for Weather and Climate Applications, NCAR Technical
Note, NCAR/TN-523+STR, https://doi.org/10.5065/D65T3HP2, 2016.
Gradl, H.: Die Chroniken der Stadt Eger. Deutsche Chroniken aus Böhmen,
Band III, Im Auftrage des Vereins für Geschichte der Deutschen in
Böhmen, Prag, 1884.
Hao, Z. X., Zheng, J. Y., Wu, G. F., Zhang, X. Z., and Ge, Q. S.: 1876–1878
severe drought in North China: Facts, impacts and climatic background,
Chinese Sci. Bull., 55, 3001–3007, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3243-z, 2010.
Hellich, J.: Pouť k sv. Trojici na Chotuc u Křince (Procession to
Saint Trinity of Chotuc at Křinec), Věstník Poděbradska, 8,
p. 74, 1905.
Hoerling, M., Eischeid, J., Kumar, A., Leung, R., Mariotti, A., Mo, K.,
Schubert, S., and Seager, R.: Causes and predictability of the 2012 Great
Plains drought, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 95, 269–282,
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00055.1, 2014.
Holec, F.: Obchod s dřívím v Praze ve 14.–17. století
(The timber trade in Prague during the 14th–17th centuries), Pražský
sborník historický, 6, 5–100, 1971.
Horák, K.: Historický průzkum lesa. Lesní
hospodářský celek Nechanice (Historical Research into Forests.
Forest economic unit, Nechanice), Ústav pro hospodářskou
úpravu lesů, Brandýs nad Labem, 1965.
Hoy, A., Hänsel, S., Skalák, P., Ustrnul, Z., and Bochníček,
O.: The extreme European summer of 2015 in a long-term perspective, Int. J.
Climatol., 37, 943–962, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4751, 2017.
Indra, B. and Turek, A.: Paměti drahotušských
kronikářů (Memoirs of the chroniclers of Drahotuše),
Časopis Vlasteneckého spolku musejního v Olomouci, 55, 219–320,
1946.
Kalousek, J. (Ed.): Archiv český čili staré písemné
památky české i moravské, sebrané z archivů
domácích i cizích. Díl XXV. Řády selské a
instrukce hospodářské 1781–1850 (Czech archives of ancient
written Bohemian and Moravian sights collected from domestic and foreign
archives. Part XXV. Farmers' regulations and economic instructions
1781–1850), Nákladem Domestikálního fondu Království
českého, Praha, 1910.
Kates, R. W.: The interaction of climate and society, in: Climate Impact
Assessment. Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society, edited by:
Kates, R. W., Ausubel, J. H., and Berberian, M., John Wiley, Chichester,
3–36, 1985.
Katzerowsky, W.: Die meteorologischen Aufzeichnungen des Leitmeritzer
Rathsverwandten Anton Gottfried Schmidt aus den Jahren 1500 bis 1761, Im
Selbstverlag, edited by: Dominikus, H., Prag, 1887.
Katzerowsky, W.: Meteorologische Nachrichten aus den Archiven der Stadt
Leitmeritz, Im Selbstverlage des Verfassers, Leitmeritz, 1895.
Kilián, J.: Paměti krupského měšťana Michela
Stüelera (1629–1649) (The Memoirs of Michel Stüeler, a Burgher of
Krupka, 1629–1649), Regionální muzeum v Teplicích &
SCRIPTORIUM, Teplice, Dolní Břežany, 2013.
Kiss, A.: Droughts and low water levels in late Medieval Hungary II: 1361,
1439, 1443–4, 1455, 1473, 1480, 1482(?), 1502–3, 1506: Documentary versus
tree-ring (OWDA) evidence, J. Environ. Geogr., 10, 43–56,
https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2017-0012, 2017.
Kiss, A. and Nikolić, Z.: Droughts, dry spells and low water levels in
Medieval Hungary (and Croatia) I: The great droughts of 1362, 1474, 1479,
1494 and 1507, J. Environ. Geogr., 8, 11–22, https://doi.org/10.1515/jengeo-2015-0002,
2015.
Kocman, A., Musilová, M., Pletka, V., Radimský, J.,
Švábenský, M., Trantírek, M., Urbánková, L., and
Wurmová, M.: Průvodce po Státním archivu v Brně (Guide
to State Archives in Brno), Krajské nakladatelství, Brno, 1954.
Kogan, F. and Guo, W.: Early twenty-first-century droughts during the warmest
climate, Geomat. Nat. Haz.
Risk, 7, 127–137, https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2013.878399, 2016.
Kolár, J.: Marek Bydžovský z Florentina, Svět za tří
českých králů. Výbor z kronikářských
zápisů o letech 1526–1596 (Marek Bydžovský of
Florentinum. The World in the Reign of Three Czech Kings. Selection from
chronicle records for the years of 1526–1596), Svoboda, Praha, 1987.
Kopička, P. and Kotyza, O.: Paměti roudnických
měšťanů z 18. století. Brodští &
Jílkové (The Memoirs the Roudnice Burghers. Brodský &
Jílek), Státní oblastní archiv v Litoměřicích
& SCRIPTORIUM, Litoměřice, Praha, 2009.
Krämer, D.: “Menschen grasten nun mit dem Vieh”. Die letzte grosse
Hungerkrise der Schweiz 1816/17, Schwabe, Basel, 2015.
Laaha, G., Gauster, T., Tallaksen, L. M., Vidal, J.-P., Stahl, K., Prudhomme,
C., Heudorfer, B., Vlnas, R., Ionita, M., Van Lanen, H. A. J., Adler, M.-J.,
Caillouet, L., Delus, C., Fendekova, M., Gailliez, S., Hannaford, J.,
Kingston, D., Van Loon, A. F., Mediero, L., Osuch, M., Romanowicz, R.,
Sauquet, E., Stagge, J. H., and Wong, W. K.: The European 2015 drought from a
hydrological perspective, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3001–3024,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3001-2017, 2017.
Lisá, M.: Die Chronik des Václav Nosidlo von Geblice.
Aufzeichnungen aus der böhmischen Exulantengemeinde in Pirna zur
Zeit des Dreißigjährigen Krieges, Forschungen zur Geschichte und
Kultur des östlichen Mitteleuropa 47, Franz Steiner, Stuttgart, 2014.
Luterbacher, J. and Pfister, C.: The year without a summer, Nat. Geosci., 8,
246–248, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2404, 2015
Luterbacher, J., Xoplaki, E., Dietrich, D., Rickli, R., Jacobeit, J., Beck,
C., Gyalistras, D., Schmutz, C., and Wanner, H.: Reconstruction of sea level
pressure fields over the Eastern North Atlantic and Europe back to 1500,
Clim. Dynam., 18, 545–561, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-001-0196-6, 2002.
Marvan, M., Daňhel, J., Dudek, F., Fekete, I., Fialová, L.,
Hájek, J., Chaloupecký, J., Ježek, B., Kubišta, J., Mates,
P., Patoprstvý, J., Schelle, K., and Štícha, B.: Dějiny
pojišťovnictví v Československu. 1. díl, Dějiny
pojišťovnictví v Československu do roku 1918 (The History of
the Insurance Industry in Czechoslovakia. Part 1. History of the Insurance
Industry in Czechoslovakia up to 1918), Novinář, Praha, 1989.
Mauder, E.: Chronik von Bodenbach, Verlag der Stadtgemeinde Bodenbach,
Bodenbach, 1930.
McCarroll, D., Young, G., and Loader, N.: Measuring the skill of
variance-scaled climate reconstructions and a test for the capture of
extremes, Holocene, 25, 618–626, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683614565956, 2015.
McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., and Kleist, J.: The relationship of drought
frequency and duration to time steps, in: Preprints, 8th Conference on
Applied Climatology, Anaheim, 17–22 January, 179–184, 1993.
Mendoza, B., García-Acosta, V., Velasco, V., Jáuregui, E., and
Diaz-Sandoval, R.: Frequency and duration of historical droughts from the
16th to the 19th centuries in the Mexican Maya lands, Yucatan Peninsula,
Clim. Change, 83, 151–168, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9232-1, 2007.
Ministr, J.: Historický průzkum lesa. Lesní
hospodářské celky Plzeň I a III (Historical Research into
Forests. The Plzeň I and III forest economic units), Ústav pro
hospodářskou úpravu lesů, Brandýs nad Labem, 1962.
Možný, M., Brázdil, R., Dobrovolný, P., Trnka, M.,
Potopová, V., Hlavinka, P., Bartošová, L., Zahradníček,
P., and Žalud, Z.: Drought reconstruction based on grape harvest dates
for the Czech Lands, 1499–2012, Clim. Res., 70, 119–132,
https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01423, 2016.
Munzar, J.: Extreme droughts in Central Europe in the preinstrumental period,
Morav. Geogr. Rep., 12, 13–23, 2004.
Munzar, J. and Ondráček, S.: O hrozném a velikém suchu,
zadržení dešťů a odtud následujícím
nedostatku vody (K 400. výročí velké přírodní
katastrofy v českých zemích a ve střední Evropě).
(About a severe and terrible drought, retention of rains and thereof
following lack of water (To the 400th anniversary of a great natural disaster
in the Czech Lands and in Central Europe)), Hist. Geogr., 42, 209–220, 2016.
Naumann, G., Alfieri, L., Wyser, K., Mentaschi, L., Betts, R. A., Carrao, H.,
Spinoni, J., Vogt, J., and Feyen, L.: Global changes in drought conditions
under different levels of warming, Geoph. Res. Lett., 45, 3285–3296,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL076521, 2018.
Noháč, J.: Břeclavský okres (The Břeclav Region).
Vlastivěda moravská, II. Místopis Moravy 8, Musejní spolek,
Brno, 1911.
Novotný, J.: Pohyblivé ceny obilí (pšenice a žita) na
Moravě v době předbělohorské a jejich závislost na
přírodním rázu roku (Movements in the prices of grain
(wheat and rye) in Moravia before the time of Bílá hora and their
dependence on the natural character of the year), Ceny, mzdy a měna, (3),
1–23, 1963.
Nožička, J.: Přehled vývoje našich lesů (An Overview
of the Development of Our Forests), Státní zemědělské
nakladatelství, Praha, 1957.
Nožička, J.: Proměny lesů a vývoj lesního
hospodaření v Krušnohoří do r. 1848 (Transformation of
Forests and the Development of Forest Management in the Krušné Hory
Mts. Region up to 1848), Rozpravy Československé akademie věd,
řada matematických a přírodních věd 72(3),
Nakl. ČSAV, Praha, 1962.
Oliva, M., Ruiz-Fernández, J., Barriendos, M., Benito, G., Cuadrat, J.
M., Domínguez-Castro, F., García-Ruiz, J. M., Giralt, S.,
Gómez-Ortiz, A., Hernández, A., López-Costas, O.,
López-Moreno, J. I., López-Sáez, J. A., Martínez-Cortizas,
A., Moreno, A., Prohon, M., Saz, M. A., Serrano, E., Valero-Garcés, B.,
and Vicente-Serrano, S. M.: The Little Ice Age in Iberian mountains,
Earth-Sci. Rev., 177, 175–208, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.010, 2018.
Opletal, J.: Paměti Vřesovic (Memoirs of Vřesovice), Nákladem
dějepisné komise ve Vřesovicích, Skalice, 1933.
Palacký, F.: Staří letopisové čeští od roku
1378 do 1527 čili pokračování v kronikách
Přibíka Pulkavy a Beneše z Hořovic z rukopisů
starých vydané (Old Bohemian Annals from 1378 to 1527, or the
Continuation in Chronicles by Přibík Pulkava and Beneš of
Hořovice Published from Old Manuscripts), in: Charvát, J.: Dílo
Františka Palackého, Díl 2, L. Mazáč, Praha, 1941.
Palmer, W. C.: Meteorological Drought, Office of Climatology Research Paper
45, US Weather Bureau, Washington, 1965.
Paměti starých písmáků moravských: Paměti
starých písmáků moravských (Memoirs of Early Moravian
Writers), Nákladem Selského archivu, Velké
Meziříčí, 1916.
Peters, K.: Dějiny jesuitské koleje v Klatovech (The history of the
Jesuit college in Klatovy), Časopis Společnosti přátel
starožitností, 41–43, 214–248, 1946.
Petráň, J.: Ceny obilí a tržní okruhy v Čechách
v 18. a počátkem 19. století (Grain prices and market cycles in
Bohemia in the 18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century), Acta
Universitatis Carolinae, Philosophica et historica, Studia historica, 17,
9–49, 1977.
Pfister, C.: The “Black Swan” of 1540. Aspects of a European megadrought,
in: Leggewie, K. and Mauelshagen, F. (Eds.): Climate Change and Cultural
Transition in Europe, Leiden, Brill, 156–194, 2018.
Pfister, C. and Brázdil, R.: Climatic variability in sixteenth-century
Europe and its social dimension: a synthesis, Clim. Change, 43, 5–53,
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005585931899, 1999.
Pfister, C. and Brázdil, R.: Social vulnerability to climate in the
“Little Ice Age”: an example from Central Europe in the early 1770s, Clim.
Past, 2, 115–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2-115-2006, 2006.
Pfister, C., Wetter, O., Brázdil, R., Dobrovolný, P., Glaser, R.,
Luterbacher, J., Seneviratne, S. I., Zorita, E., Alcoforado, M.-J.,
Barriendos, M., Bieber, U., Burmeister, K. H., Camenisch, C., Contino, A.,
Grünewald, U., Herget, J., Himmelsbach, I., Labbé, T., Limanówka,
D., Litzenburger, L., Kiss, A., Kotyza, O., Nordli, Ø., Pribyl, K.,
Retsö, D., Riemann, D., Rohr, C., Siegfried, W., Spring, J.-L.,
Söderberg, J., Wagner, S., and Werner, J. P.: Tree-rings and people –
different view on the 1540 Megadrought. Reply to Büntgen et al. 2015,
Clim. Change, 131, 191–198, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1429-8, 2015.
Podlaha, A.: Dějiny kollejí jezuitských v Čechách a na
Moravě od r. 1654 až do jejich zrušení (The history of
Jesuit colleges in Bohemia and Moravia from 1654 until their dissolution),
Sborník Historického kroužku, 13, 57–75, 1912.
Pospíšil, J.: Z památní knihy fary bruzovské (From the
memorial book of the Bruzovice parish office), Věstník Matice
opavské, 13, 1–18, 1905.
Prucek, J.: Kronika Mikuláše Františka Kerneria z let 1658–1689
(The chronicle of Mikuláš František Kernerius, 1658–1689),
Okresní archiv Olomouc 1984, Olomouc, 157–174, 1985.
Robek, A.: Lidové kronikářství na Poděbradsku. Edice
lidových kronikářských textů (Folk Chronicle Writing in
the Poděbrady Region. Edition of Folk Chronicle Texts), Ústav pro
etnografii a folkloristiku ČSAV, Praha, 1978.
Roggenkamp, T. and Herget, J.: An extreme drought in the year 69 AD on Lower
Rhine. A quantitative reconstruction, Z. Geomorph., 59, Supplement 3,
99–109, 2015.
Rojčíková, K.: Případ Tomáše Chvátala z
Vevčic, podezřelého roku 1681 z čarodějnictví (The
case of Tomáš Chvátal from Vevčice, suspected of witchcraft
in 1681), Jižní Morava, 36, 254–256, 2000.
Řehák, K. L.: Konvent augustiniánů poustevníků
v Domažlicích od svého založení až do
počátku 19. století (Convention of Augustinian anchorites at
Domažlice from its founding until the beginning of the 19th century),
Sborník Historického kroužku, 13, 113–138, 1912.
Schebek, E. (Ed.): Die Getreidepreise zu Prag 1655 bis 1872, in:
Collectiv-Austellung von Beiträgen zur Geschichte der Preise veranstaltet
zur Welt-Ausstellung 1873 Wien von der Handels- und Gewerbekammer in Prag,
Katalog. Heinr. Mercy, Prag, 91–104, 1873.
Seager, R., Liu, H., Henderson, N., Simpson, I., Kelley, C., Shaw, T.,
Kushnir, Y., and Ting, M.: Causes of increasing aridification of the
Mediterranean region in response to rising greenhouse gases, J. Clim., 27,
4655–4676, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00446.1, 2014.
Shmakin, A. B., Chernavskaya, M. M., and Popova, V. V.: “Velikaya” zasucha
2010 g. na Vostochno-Evropeyskoy Ravnine: istoricheskiye analogi,
cirkulyacionnyye mekhanismy (Great drought of 2010 in Eastern-European plain:
Historical analogues, circulation mechnisms), Izvestiya RAN – Ser. Geogr.,
(6), 41–57, 2013.
Smetana, J.: Nejstarší kronikářské záznamy
litoměřických radních písařů (The earliest
chronicle records of councillor scribes in Litoměřice),
Litoměřicko, 14, 119–142, 1978.
Spina, F.: Aus der Chronik des Mähr.-Trübauer Webermeisters Michael
Heger (1663–1730), in: XXVIII. Jahres-Bericht des k. k. Staats-Gymnasiums in
Mähr.-Trübau, Mähr.-Trübau, 3–20, 1905.
Spinoni, J., Naumann, G., Vogt, J. V., and Barbosa, P.: The biggest drought
events in Europe from 1950 to 2012, J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud., 3, 509–524,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2015.01.001, 2015.
Spinoni, J., Vogt, J. V., Naumann, G., Barbosa, P., and Dosio, A.: Will
drought events become more frequent and severe in Europe?, Int. J. Climatol.,
38, 1718–1736, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5291, 2018.
Stahle, D. W., Fye, F. K., Cook, E. R., and Griffin, R. D.: Tree-ring
reconstructed megadroughts over North America since A.D. 1300, Clim. Change,
83, 133–149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9171-x, 2007.
Štaif, J.: Rakouský státní bankrot 1811 a jeho ohlas v
Čechách aneb peníze a kolektivní paměť (Austrian
state bankruptcy in 1811 and response to it in Bohemia, or money and
collective memory), in: Člověk a společnost 19. století
tváří v tvář katastrofě: sborník
příspěvků z 36. ročníku mezioborového sympozia
k problematice 19. století: Plzeň, 25–27 února 2016, Academia,
Praha, 41–57, 2017.
Starý, V.: Vimperský radní manual (Manual of the Vimperk town
council), Výběr z prací členů Historického klubu
při Jihočeském muzeu v Českých Budějovicích, 15,
53, 1978.
Strnadel, B.: Nejstarší kronika města Frenštátu pod
Radhoštěm (The Oldest Chronicle of Frenštát pod
Radhoštěm Town), Nakladatelství Krajského národního
výboru v Ostravě, Ostrava, 1950.
Šůla, J.: Hospodářská korespondence Václava
Králíka, komendátora novoměstského panství, s
Walterem hrabětem z Leslie v letech 1635–1643 (Financial correspondence
of Václav Králík, administrator of the Nové Město
domain, with Count Walter of Leslie in 1635–1643), in: Stopami dějin
Náchodska 4, Sborník státního okresního archivu
Náchod, Náchod, 177–210, 1998.
Svoboda, M. D. and Fuchs, B. A.: Handbook of drought indicators and indices,
in: Drought and Water Crises. Integrating Science, Management, and Policy,
edited by: Wilhite, D. A. and Pulwarty, R. S., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis
Group, Boca Bayton, 155–207, 2018.
Teplý, F.: Martina Škvoreckého, úředníka na
Pacově, hospodářská korespondence z dob války
třicetileté (1630–1642) (Financial correspondence of Martin
Škvorecký, a clerk at Pacov, from the time of the Thirty Years' War,
1630–1642), Nákladem Ministerstva zemědělství Republiky
československé, Praha, 1928a.
Teplý, F.: Zápisy ve starém graduálu načeradském
(Records in “old gradual” at Načeradec), Sborník Historického
kroužku, 29, 150–154, 1928b.
Trnka, F.: Kroniky novoměstské. Část II. (Chronicles of
Nové Město [na Moravě]. Part II), Nákladem a tiskem A.
Veselého, Nové Město na Moravě, 1912.
Trnka, M., Brázdil, R., Olesen, J. E., Eitzinger, J.,
Zahradníček, P., Kocmánková, E., Dobrovolný, P.,
Štěpánek, P., Možný, M., Bartošová, L., Hlavinka,
P., Semerádová, D., Valášek, H., Havlíček, M.,
Horáková, V., Fischer, M., and Žalud, Z.: Could the changes in
regional crop yields be a pointer of climatic change?, Agr. Forest Meterol.,
166, 62–71, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.05.020, 2012.
Trnka, M., Hayes, M., Jurečka, F., Bartošová, L., Anderson, M.,
Brázdil, R., Brown, J., Camarero, J. J., Cudlín, P., Dobrovolný,
P., Eitzinger, J., Feng, S., Finnessey, T., Gregorič, G., Havlik, P.,
Hain, C., Holman, I., Johnson, D., Kersebaum, K. C., Ljungqvist, F. C.,
Luterbacher, J., Micale, F., Hartl-Meier, C., Možný, M., Nejedlik,
P., Olesen, J. E., Ruiz-Ramos, M., Rötter, R. P., Senay, G.,
Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Svoboda, M., Susnik, A., Tadesse, T., Vizina, A.,
Wardlow, B., Žalud, Z., and Büntgen, U.: Priority questions in
multidisciplinary drought research, Clim. Res., 75, 241–260,
https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01509, 2018.
Trnka, M., Olesen, J. E., Kersebaum, K. C., Rötter, R. P., Brázdil,
R., Eitzinger, J., Jansen, S., Skjelvåg, A. O., Peltonen-Sainio, P.,
Hlavinka, P., Balek, J., Eckersten, H., Gobin, A., Vučeti, V., Dalla
Marta, A., Orlandini, S., Alexandrov, V., Semerádová, D.,
Štěpánek, P., Svobodová, E., and Rajdl, K.: Changing regional
weather-crop yield relationships across Europe between 1901 and 2012, Clim.
Res., 70, 195–214, https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01426, 2016a.
Trnka, M., Semerádová, D., Novotný, I., Dumbrovský, M.,
Drbal, K., Pavlík, F., Vopravil, J., Štěpánková, P.,
Vizina, A., Balek, J., Hlavinka, P., Bartošová, L., and Žalud,
Z.: Assessing the combined hazards of drought, soil erosion and local
flooding on agricultural land: a Czech case study, Clim. Res., 70, 231–249,
https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01421, 2016b.
Uhe, P., Sjoukje, P., Kew, S., Shah, K., Kimutai, J., Mwangi, E., Van
Oldenborgh, G. J., Singh, R., Arrighi, J., Jjemba, E., Cullen, H., and Otto,
F.: Attributing drivers of the 2016 Kenyan drought, Int. J. Climatol., 38,
554–568, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5389, 2018.
Van Loon, A. F., Stahl, K., Di Baldassarre, J., Clark, J., Rangecroft, S.,
Wanders, N., Gleeson, T., Van Dijk, A. I. J. M., Tallaksen, L. M., Hannaford,
J., Uijlenhoet, R., Teuling, A. J., Hannah, D. M., Sheffield, J., Svoboda,
M., Verberein, B., Wagener, T., and Van Lanen, H. A. J.: Drought in a
human-modified world: reframing drought definitions, understanding, and
analysis approaches, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3631–3650,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3631-2016, 2016.
Veselý, J.: Geschichte der fürstlich Schwarzenberg'schen Domaine
Postelberg einschliesslich Priesen, Ferbenz, Lišan, Wittoses, Nehasic,
Semenkovic, Ploscha, Tattina, Hraidisch, Selovic, Tveršic, Koppertsch,
Selmic, Praschin, Gross-Lippen, Nečenic, Weberschau, Kněžic,
Mohr, Lenešic, Opočna, Imling, Neuschloss, Tauchovic, Lippenz,
Hřivic und Netluk, Selbstverlag, Prag, 1893.
Vicente-Serrano, S. M., Beguería, S., and López-Moreno, J. I.: A
multi-scalar drought index sensitive to global warming: The Standardized
Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index – SPEI, J. Clim., 23, 1696–1718,
https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1, 2010.
Vins, H., Bell, J., Saha, S., and Hess, J. J.: The mental health outcomes of
drought: a systematic review and causal process diagram, Int. J. Environ.
Res. Public Health, 12, 13251–13275, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013251, 2015.
Vogeltanz, J. and Ohlídal, J. (Eds.): František Vácslav
Felíř. Letopis 1723–1756 (František Vácslav Felíř.
Annal of 1723–1756), Argo, Praha, 2011.
Vybíral, Z. (Ed.): Paměti Pavla Korky z Korkyně. Zápisky
křesťanského rytíře z počátku novověku
(Memoirs of Pavel Korka of Korkyně. Records of a Christian Knight
from the Beginning of Modern History), Jihočeská univerzita v
Českých Budějovicích, Historický ústav
Filozofické fakulty, 2014.
Wetter, O., Pfister, C., Werner, J. P., Zorita, E., Wagner, S., Seneviratne,
S. I., Herget, J., Grünewald, U., Luterbacher, J., Alcoforado, M.-J.,
Barriendos, M., Bieber, U., Brázdil, R., Burmeister, K. H., Camenisch,
C., Contino, A., Dobrovolný, P., Glaser, R., Himmelsbach, I., Kiss, A.,
Kotyza, O., Labbé, T., Limanówka, D., Litzenburger, L., Nordli,
Ø., Pribyl, K., Retsö, D., Riemann, D., Rohr, C., Siegfried, W.,
Söderberg, J., and Spring, J.-L.: The year-long unprecedented European
heat and drought of 1540 – a worst case, Clim. Change, 125, 349–363,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1184-2, 2014.
Winter, Z.: O životě na vysokých školách
pražských knihy dvoje. Kulturní obraz XV. a XVI. století
(Two books of the life at the high schools in Prague. Cultural picture of the
15th and 16th centuries), Nákladem Matice České a
jubilejního fondu Král. české společnosti nauk, Praha,
1899.
Wolkan, R. (Ed.): Geschicht-Buch der Hutterischen Brüder, Standoff-Colony
bei Macleod, Alta., Canada, Gedruckt und in Kommission bei Carl Fromme Ges.
m. b. H., Wien, 1923.
Zahradníček, P., Trnka, M., Brázdil, R., Možný, M.,
Štěpánek, P., Hlavinka, P., Žalud, Z., Malý, A.,
Semerádová, D., Dobrovolný, P., Dubrovský, M., and
Řezníčková, L.: The extreme drought episode of August
2011–May 2012 in the Czech Republic, Int. J. Climatol., 35, 3335–3352,
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4211, 2015.
Zemek, P. (Ed.): Bartoškova kronika (The Bartošek Chronicle), Muzeum
J. A. Komenského v Uherském Brodě, Uherské Hradiště,
2004.
Zhang, D. and Liang, Y.: A long lasting and extensive drought event over
China in 1876–1878, Adv. Climate Change Res., 1/2, 91–99,
https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1248.2010.00091, 2010.
Short summary
The paper analyses extreme droughts of the pre-instrumental period (1501–1803) over the territory of the recent Czech Republic. In total, 16 droughts were selected for spring, summer and autumn each and 14 droughts for summer half-year (Apr–Sep). They are characterized by very low values of drought indices, high temperatures, low precipitation and by the influence of high-pressure situations. Selected extreme droughts are described in more detail. Effect of droughts on grain prices are studied.
The paper analyses extreme droughts of the pre-instrumental period (1501–1803) over the...
